CHS Biology exam study guide
questions and answers20
What creates ATP? - ANSWERS-cellular respiration
organisms that photosynthesize - ANSWERS-autotrophs (producers) --- Examples: plants, algae,
cyanobacteria, phytoplankton
organisms that use cellular respirations - ANSWERS-plants, animals, fungus
Anaerobic - ANSWERS-Process that does not require oxygen
Aerobic - ANSWERS-Process that requires oxygen
aerobic vs anaerobic respiration - ANSWERS-Aerobic = with Oxygen
Anaerobic = without Oxygen (Lactic acid is byproduct)
Where does photosynthesis occur? - ANSWERS-Chloroplast
Where does cellular respiration occur? - ANSWERS-mitochondria
alcohol vs lactic acid fermentation - ANSWERS-alcohol fermentation occurs in plants while lactic
acid occurs in almost everything else. lactic acid fermentation makes your muscles feel as if they
are burning.
,active transport - ANSWERS-Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
Identify cell organelles from a picture - ANSWERS-chloroplasts have coin like structures and are
green, etc.
compare animal and plant cells - ANSWERS-Plant Cells: Exterior is an outer cell wall with plasma
membrane inside, Has plastids (chloroplasts), Has a large central vacuole, Stores carbs as starch,
No centrioles in centrosome area, Fixed angular shape (wall)
Animal Cells: Exterior is only a plasma cell membrane, Has no plastids/chloroplasts, Vacuoles are
small or non-existent, Stores carbs as glycogen, Centrioles in centrosome area, Flexible and
more likely rounded.
Function of cell organelles - ANSWERS-mitochondria produces ATP, chloroplast does
photosynthesis, nucleus holds DNA and controls the cell.
structure of organelles - ANSWERS-mitochondria has cristae to produce more ATP and the
chloroplast has folds to produce more glucose.
How organelles interact - ANSWERS-DNA to protein: Goes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm,
then to ribosomes, to where it turns into proteins. Enzymes are a part of cell respiration
because they split molecules apart to aid.
Magnification of a microscope - ANSWERS-ocular lens (eyepiece) x objective lens
Types of microscopes - ANSWERS-compound light, transmission electron, scanning electron
Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - ANSWERS-Prokaryotic cells have naked DNA which is
found in the cytoplasm in a region named the nucleoid. On the other hand, eukaryotes have
, chromosomes that are made up of DNA and protein. These chromosomes are found in the
nucleus enclosed in a nuclear envelope.
Prokaryotes do not have any mitochondria whereas eukaryotes do.
Prokaryotes have small ribosomes (70S) compared to eukaryotes which have large ribosomes
(80S).
In prokaryotes there are either no or very few organelles bounded by a single membrane in
comparison to eukaryotes which have many of them including the Golgi apparatus and the
endoplasmic reticulum.
types of specialized cells - ANSWERS-muscle cell- aids in movement
blood cell- carries oxygen throughout the body.
DNA expression - ANSWERS-genetic information is used within a cell to produce the proteins
needed for the cell to function
Cell Differentiation / Specialization - ANSWERS-process of making cells "different" or "special" in
function
For example: some cells are muscle cells, some are bone cells
**differential gene expression - genes turned "on" or "off"
DNA can be activated - ANSWERS-Certain cells use certain genes and certain DNA codes at
certain times.
questions and answers20
What creates ATP? - ANSWERS-cellular respiration
organisms that photosynthesize - ANSWERS-autotrophs (producers) --- Examples: plants, algae,
cyanobacteria, phytoplankton
organisms that use cellular respirations - ANSWERS-plants, animals, fungus
Anaerobic - ANSWERS-Process that does not require oxygen
Aerobic - ANSWERS-Process that requires oxygen
aerobic vs anaerobic respiration - ANSWERS-Aerobic = with Oxygen
Anaerobic = without Oxygen (Lactic acid is byproduct)
Where does photosynthesis occur? - ANSWERS-Chloroplast
Where does cellular respiration occur? - ANSWERS-mitochondria
alcohol vs lactic acid fermentation - ANSWERS-alcohol fermentation occurs in plants while lactic
acid occurs in almost everything else. lactic acid fermentation makes your muscles feel as if they
are burning.
,active transport - ANSWERS-Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
Identify cell organelles from a picture - ANSWERS-chloroplasts have coin like structures and are
green, etc.
compare animal and plant cells - ANSWERS-Plant Cells: Exterior is an outer cell wall with plasma
membrane inside, Has plastids (chloroplasts), Has a large central vacuole, Stores carbs as starch,
No centrioles in centrosome area, Fixed angular shape (wall)
Animal Cells: Exterior is only a plasma cell membrane, Has no plastids/chloroplasts, Vacuoles are
small or non-existent, Stores carbs as glycogen, Centrioles in centrosome area, Flexible and
more likely rounded.
Function of cell organelles - ANSWERS-mitochondria produces ATP, chloroplast does
photosynthesis, nucleus holds DNA and controls the cell.
structure of organelles - ANSWERS-mitochondria has cristae to produce more ATP and the
chloroplast has folds to produce more glucose.
How organelles interact - ANSWERS-DNA to protein: Goes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm,
then to ribosomes, to where it turns into proteins. Enzymes are a part of cell respiration
because they split molecules apart to aid.
Magnification of a microscope - ANSWERS-ocular lens (eyepiece) x objective lens
Types of microscopes - ANSWERS-compound light, transmission electron, scanning electron
Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - ANSWERS-Prokaryotic cells have naked DNA which is
found in the cytoplasm in a region named the nucleoid. On the other hand, eukaryotes have
, chromosomes that are made up of DNA and protein. These chromosomes are found in the
nucleus enclosed in a nuclear envelope.
Prokaryotes do not have any mitochondria whereas eukaryotes do.
Prokaryotes have small ribosomes (70S) compared to eukaryotes which have large ribosomes
(80S).
In prokaryotes there are either no or very few organelles bounded by a single membrane in
comparison to eukaryotes which have many of them including the Golgi apparatus and the
endoplasmic reticulum.
types of specialized cells - ANSWERS-muscle cell- aids in movement
blood cell- carries oxygen throughout the body.
DNA expression - ANSWERS-genetic information is used within a cell to produce the proteins
needed for the cell to function
Cell Differentiation / Specialization - ANSWERS-process of making cells "different" or "special" in
function
For example: some cells are muscle cells, some are bone cells
**differential gene expression - genes turned "on" or "off"
DNA can be activated - ANSWERS-Certain cells use certain genes and certain DNA codes at
certain times.
