Bundle for NSG 5140 Advanced Pathophysiology — Midterm 1, Midterm 2,Exam Review | South College

Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm


Homeostasis Negative Feedback - ANS>>Glucose regulation
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Homeostasis Positive Feedback - ANS>>Contractions of labor
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Three major components of a cell - ANS>>nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
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What does the nucleus contain? - ANS>>DNA & the codes for all the proteins of the body
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What is the stored form of glucose? - ANS>>Glycogen (present in the cytoplasm)
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Ribosomes - ANS>>Site for protein synthesis
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Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANS>>Ribosomes are attached here. Produces other substances such
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as fats and enzymes
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Golgi Apparatus - ANS>>Packages substances that are to be excreted from the cell
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Lysosomes - ANS>>Break down cell products and foreign bodies to be used again
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Peroxisomes - ANS>>Break down toxins in the cell
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Mitochondria - ANS>>Power plants - make ATP (energy)ll ll ll ll ll ll ll

,Cilia & flagella - ANS>>hair-like processes that aid in movement
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(cilia also helps with filtration)
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Diffusion - ANS>>PASSIVE TRANSPORT ll ll ll




Movement from high to low concentration ll ll ll ll ll




Osmosis - ANS>>PASSIVE TRANSPORT ll ll ll




Movement of water from low concentration to high solute concentration ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll




Which processes use active transport? - ANS>>Sodium-potassium pump, endocytosis,
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exocytosis USING ATP
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In a resting cell, where do Na+ and K+ stay? - ANS>>Na+ is on the outside of the cell and K+ is
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on the inside of the cell
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Atrophy - ANS>>Workload, size of organelles, energy usage, and functionality ALL DECREASE
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ex) arm in a cast
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Hypertrophy - ANS>>Increased workload, size and number of organelles & contractility
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Decreased functionality ll




ex) increase in muscle size when working out
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AND

atherosclerosis makes the heart work harder and makes heart bigger and flabbier, decreasing ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll



the function
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,Hyperplasia - ANS>>Increased workload, number of cells, and functionality
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TWO TYPES: compensatory & hormonal
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ex) sloughing off of endometrium during menses
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Metaplasia - ANS>>Normal cells are REPLACED with abnormal cells
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ex) reflux, cilia lost in respiratory tract from smoking
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Dysplasia - ANS>>Normal cells are MUTATED to abnormal size and shape
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ex) precancerous cells
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Coagulative Necrosis - ANS>>Firm & opaque ll ll ll ll ll ll




KIDNEY & HEART ll ll




Liquefactive Necrosis - ANS>>Walled-off liquid goo ll ll ll ll ll




BRAIN



Caseous Necrosis - ANS>>"Cased"-off cheese globules
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TB IN LUNGS
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Fatty - ANS>>Opaque, chalky, soapy
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FAT

, Dry Gangrene - ANS>>coagulative
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Wet Gangrene - ANS>>Liquid
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Gas Gangrene - ANS>>Releases gas into tissue Clostridium bacterium
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Marfan Syndrome - ANS>>- Disorder of connective tissue
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- Chromosome 15
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- Affects eyes, skeleton, cardiovascular
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- Tall, thin, funnel chest
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Neurofibromatosis Type 1 - ANS>>- Chromosome 17 ll ll ll ll ll ll




- Cafe au lait spots, subcutaneous lesions, nervous system tumors
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- Autosomal dominant
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Neurofibromatosis Type 2 - ANS>>- Chromosome 22 ll ll ll ll ll ll




- Tumors of the acoustic nerve
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- Autosomal dominant
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PKU (Phenylketonuria) - ANS>>- Chromosome 12
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- Error in converting phenylalanine to tyrosine
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- Fails to meet milestones
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- Progressive neurological decline
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- Low diet in phenylalanine for tx
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- Autosomal recessive
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