BIOD 171 MODULE 5 EXAM WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS|| GUARANTEED PASS|| ALREADY
GRADED A+|| LATEST UPDATE
Why does C.botulinum ingestion cause sickness in infants but not adults? -
ANSWER-Because children don't have an established gut microbiota
Wound botulism occurs when bacteria colonize ... - ANSWER-Deep wound or
puncture (from street drugs)
How is botulin toxin used in medicine? - ANSWER-It is used in botox to
prevent movement and wrinkles, or for patients who suffer migraines to prevent
cranial muscle spasms
Tetanus is caused by which microbe? - ANSWER-C. tetani
C. tetani characteristics - ANSWER-Gram-positive, bacillus, spore forming,
found in soil/dust/animal feces
What is produced by C. tetani? - ANSWER-A toxin called tetanospasmin,
which is produced in anaerobic conditions
,What is the mechanism of action for tetanospasmin? - ANSWER-It binds to
inhibitory neurons, blocking the release of inhibitory NT, leads to muscle
stiffness and spasms, muscles cannot relax
Tetanospasmin can lead to ... which may be fatal - ANSWER-Respiratory
failure
How can tetanus be prevented? - ANSWER-With vaccine (booster every 10
years)
Toxemia - ANSWER-Blood poisoning by toxin
What is the cause of gas gangrene? - ANSWER-C. perfringes
C. perfringes characteristics - ANSWER-Gram-positive, bacillus, anaerobic
What is produced by C. perfringes? - ANSWER-Alpha-toxin called
perfringolysin, which established in deep puncture wounds
How does the perfringolysin toxin work? - ANSWER-It forms spores on host
cell plasma membrane, perforating cell, leading to uncontrolled ion influx
Who are at greater risk of C. perfringes? - ANSWER-Diabetics and people with
circulatory disease
How is plague transmitted? - ANSWER-Via the bites from infected fleas
What is the natural endemic reservoir of the plague? - ANSWER-Mice and
voles
, Bubonic plague is characterized by ... - ANSWER-Painfully swollen lymph
nodes
Which is the most common plague? - ANSWER-Bubonic plague
Pneumonic plague affects ... - ANSWER-The respiratory system
How is pneumonic plague spread? - ANSWER-Through airborne transmission;
it is highly virulent
Speticemic plague results from ... - ANSWER-Bubonic and pneumonic plague
via bacteremia
What are the symptoms of the plague? - ANSWER-Headache, fever, seizures,
bleeding, difficulty breathing, low BP, and organ failure
When do symptoms of the plague appear? - ANSWER-2-5 days after being
bitten
What is the treatment for the plague? - ANSWER-Antibiotics (streptomycin,
tetracycline, fluoroquinolone, gentamycin, and doxycycline)
When must treatment be started for the plague? - ANSWER-As soon as
symptoms start
What causes anthrax? - ANSWER-Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthraces characteristics - ANSWER-Gram-positive, bacillus, spore-
forming, colonizes site of entry
ANSWERS|| GUARANTEED PASS|| ALREADY
GRADED A+|| LATEST UPDATE
Why does C.botulinum ingestion cause sickness in infants but not adults? -
ANSWER-Because children don't have an established gut microbiota
Wound botulism occurs when bacteria colonize ... - ANSWER-Deep wound or
puncture (from street drugs)
How is botulin toxin used in medicine? - ANSWER-It is used in botox to
prevent movement and wrinkles, or for patients who suffer migraines to prevent
cranial muscle spasms
Tetanus is caused by which microbe? - ANSWER-C. tetani
C. tetani characteristics - ANSWER-Gram-positive, bacillus, spore forming,
found in soil/dust/animal feces
What is produced by C. tetani? - ANSWER-A toxin called tetanospasmin,
which is produced in anaerobic conditions
,What is the mechanism of action for tetanospasmin? - ANSWER-It binds to
inhibitory neurons, blocking the release of inhibitory NT, leads to muscle
stiffness and spasms, muscles cannot relax
Tetanospasmin can lead to ... which may be fatal - ANSWER-Respiratory
failure
How can tetanus be prevented? - ANSWER-With vaccine (booster every 10
years)
Toxemia - ANSWER-Blood poisoning by toxin
What is the cause of gas gangrene? - ANSWER-C. perfringes
C. perfringes characteristics - ANSWER-Gram-positive, bacillus, anaerobic
What is produced by C. perfringes? - ANSWER-Alpha-toxin called
perfringolysin, which established in deep puncture wounds
How does the perfringolysin toxin work? - ANSWER-It forms spores on host
cell plasma membrane, perforating cell, leading to uncontrolled ion influx
Who are at greater risk of C. perfringes? - ANSWER-Diabetics and people with
circulatory disease
How is plague transmitted? - ANSWER-Via the bites from infected fleas
What is the natural endemic reservoir of the plague? - ANSWER-Mice and
voles
, Bubonic plague is characterized by ... - ANSWER-Painfully swollen lymph
nodes
Which is the most common plague? - ANSWER-Bubonic plague
Pneumonic plague affects ... - ANSWER-The respiratory system
How is pneumonic plague spread? - ANSWER-Through airborne transmission;
it is highly virulent
Speticemic plague results from ... - ANSWER-Bubonic and pneumonic plague
via bacteremia
What are the symptoms of the plague? - ANSWER-Headache, fever, seizures,
bleeding, difficulty breathing, low BP, and organ failure
When do symptoms of the plague appear? - ANSWER-2-5 days after being
bitten
What is the treatment for the plague? - ANSWER-Antibiotics (streptomycin,
tetracycline, fluoroquinolone, gentamycin, and doxycycline)
When must treatment be started for the plague? - ANSWER-As soon as
symptoms start
What causes anthrax? - ANSWER-Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthraces characteristics - ANSWER-Gram-positive, bacillus, spore-
forming, colonizes site of entry
