LSU BIOL 3040 - EVOLUTION EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Evolution - ANSWER - the change in the properties of organisms over the course of a
generation
- "descent with modification"
Artificial Selection - ANSWER - Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to
produce offspring with identical traits.
Natural Selection - ANSWER - reproduction is necessary to form the next generation
- individuals within populations are variable, some of the variation among individuals is
inheritable
- more individuals produced each generation than can survive, "survival of the fittest"
Phylogenetic Tree - ANSWER - an accurate way of depicting evolution
- an evolutionary branching diagram showing the links between closest relatives
Node - ANSWER - the point where the branches connect on a phylogenetic tree
- represents that those two organisms are most closely related to each other/ common
ancestor
- the most recent common ancestor, which is the "species" from which the two lineages
,have descended from
Topology - ANSWER - The ancestor-descendent relationships in tree like form
- Can look very different but depict the same tree
Monophyletic Groups - ANSWER - contain taxa which are more closely related to each
other than to any outside of the group
- they share a most recent common ancestor
- nested in or include other more inclusive clades
- shared derived characters
- it is a natural group
- includes ancestor and all of its descendants
Paraphyletic Groups - ANSWER - Do not contain all descendants from a most recent
common ancestor
- it is a monophyletic group with a taxon missing
- includes an ancestor and all of its descendants except for a single lineage
Polyphyletic Groups - ANSWER Most recent common ancestor and more than one
lineage missing
Tetrapod - ANSWER - humans belong to this category
, - originated from lobe-finned fishes
- everything with a backbone has a type of fish ancestor
Science - ANSWER the use of evidence to construct testable explanations and
predictions of natural phenomena , as well as the knowledge generated through this
process
Theory - ANSWER a comprehensive explanation of some aspect of nature that is
supported by a vast body of evidence
Hypothesis - ANSWER - an answer to something
- must be tested
Homology - ANSWER - similarity derived from common ancestry
- shared similarity due to common ancestry
- the same structure/phenotype under every variety of form and function
- EX: human legs and horse legs
- EX: bones of wings of bats and birds
Analogy - ANSWER - artificial similarity not based on common ancestry
- convergence
AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Evolution - ANSWER - the change in the properties of organisms over the course of a
generation
- "descent with modification"
Artificial Selection - ANSWER - Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to
produce offspring with identical traits.
Natural Selection - ANSWER - reproduction is necessary to form the next generation
- individuals within populations are variable, some of the variation among individuals is
inheritable
- more individuals produced each generation than can survive, "survival of the fittest"
Phylogenetic Tree - ANSWER - an accurate way of depicting evolution
- an evolutionary branching diagram showing the links between closest relatives
Node - ANSWER - the point where the branches connect on a phylogenetic tree
- represents that those two organisms are most closely related to each other/ common
ancestor
- the most recent common ancestor, which is the "species" from which the two lineages
,have descended from
Topology - ANSWER - The ancestor-descendent relationships in tree like form
- Can look very different but depict the same tree
Monophyletic Groups - ANSWER - contain taxa which are more closely related to each
other than to any outside of the group
- they share a most recent common ancestor
- nested in or include other more inclusive clades
- shared derived characters
- it is a natural group
- includes ancestor and all of its descendants
Paraphyletic Groups - ANSWER - Do not contain all descendants from a most recent
common ancestor
- it is a monophyletic group with a taxon missing
- includes an ancestor and all of its descendants except for a single lineage
Polyphyletic Groups - ANSWER Most recent common ancestor and more than one
lineage missing
Tetrapod - ANSWER - humans belong to this category
, - originated from lobe-finned fishes
- everything with a backbone has a type of fish ancestor
Science - ANSWER the use of evidence to construct testable explanations and
predictions of natural phenomena , as well as the knowledge generated through this
process
Theory - ANSWER a comprehensive explanation of some aspect of nature that is
supported by a vast body of evidence
Hypothesis - ANSWER - an answer to something
- must be tested
Homology - ANSWER - similarity derived from common ancestry
- shared similarity due to common ancestry
- the same structure/phenotype under every variety of form and function
- EX: human legs and horse legs
- EX: bones of wings of bats and birds
Analogy - ANSWER - artificial similarity not based on common ancestry
- convergence
