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Samenvatting voedingswetenschappen: microbiologie

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Samenvatting voedingswetenschappen: microbiologie. 1e bachelor voedings- en dieetkunde aan Hogent. Geslaagd in 1e zit!

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Samenvatting microbiologie
O Cursus
O Slides
O Practicum
O Notities

Inleiding
Wat is microbiologie
-Studie micro-organismen (levende wezens die met blote oog niet
zichtbaar zijn)
-vb. bacteriën, virussen, parasieten, gisten, schimmels, algen

Indeling van organismen




-Eukaryoot vs. prokaryoot

,Meercellige organismen
-Eukaryoot
-10-100 µm
-Macro-organismen: dieren, planten, helminthen en arthropoda
-Micro-organismen: fungi (schimmels), algen (wieren)




-Schimmels
-Penicillium
-Trichophyten  oppervlakkige mycosen
-Aspergillus  diepe mycosen
-Algen
-Helminthen: wormen
-Spoelworm
-Lintworm

Eencellig organisme: bacterie
-Prokaryote cel
-0,2-10 µm
-Celwand

,-Andere eencellige organismen: eicel, spermacel
-Protozoa
-Sporozoa
-Flagellata (flagel)
-Amoeben (schijnvoetjes)
-Gisten
-Candida albicans: zowel commensaal als pathogeen (spruw,
diepe mycose)
-Crytococcus neoformans: duivenmelkersziekte

Virussen
-Geen cellen
-Genetisch materiaal in eiwitmantel
-Vermenigvuldigen in gastheercel
-40-80 nm

Belang van micro-organismen
-Negatief: voedselbederf, infectieziekten, voedselvergiftiging, allergie
-Infectieziekten
-Bacteriën: salmonellose, TBC, meningitis, kinkhoest
-Virussen: griep, hepatitis, AIDS, polio
-Fungi: atleetvoet, aspergillose, spruw
-Voedselbederf
-Penicillium  brood
-Melkzuurbacteriën  melk
-Clostridium botulinum  blik en bokalen
-Schade voedselketen
-Parasieten in veestapel  leverbot
-Schimmel op graangewassen  claviceps purpurea
-Dia 30

-Positieve rol: bereiding voedingsmiddelen, bereiding geneesmiddelen,
probiotica (darm)
-Verdeling van primaire landbouwproducten met de hulp van
agrobacterium tumefaciens  gemodificeerde graangewassen (transgene
planten)
-Fermentaties: gist  brood, bier (CO2 + ethanol), melkzuurbacteriën 
kaas, yoghurt, kimchi, bacillus subtilis  natto
-Azijnzuurbacteriën  azijn (na ethanolproductie)
-Schimmelkazen (penicillium roquefortii, penicillium camembertii)
-Biotechnologie: antibiotica, productie van eiwitten (vaccins, enzymen,
hormonen, antilichamen)
-Drankindustrie: fructose (micro-organisme breek graanzetmeel af),
aspartaam (2 aminozuren beide microbiologisch gemaakt), citroenzuur
(bereid m.b.v. fungi)

, -Probiotica: vb. lactobacillen, bifidobacteriën, streptococcus salivarius,
lactobacillus reuteri

De bacterie
Structuur van de bacterie




-Celwand: peptidoglycaanlaag (aminozuren + peptiden)
-Grampositief: enkel celmembraan, meerlagige
peptidoglycaanlaag
-Gramnegatief: dubbel celmembraan, dubbele/drielagige
peptidoglycaanlaag




-Functie celwand: structurele ondersteuning, selectieve doorlaatbaarheid
-Structurele ondersteuning: voorkomt osmotische lyse, vorm,
stevigheid
-Selectieve doorlaatbaarheid: fysieke barrière, filter, bescherming
tegen schadelijk stoffen (antibiotica)
-Antibiotica kan inwerken op: celwand, celmembraan, enzymen, RNA, DNA
transcriptie en eiwitsynthese

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Uploaded on
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Number of pages
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Written in
2024/2025
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