GEOG 322 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED
LATEST UPDATE!!
The water cycle - (ANSWER)The storage and movement of water between the biosphere, atmosphere,
lithosphere, and hydrosphere
Watershed - (ANSWER)An area of land that drains water to a common point
Divide - (ANSWER)A ridge/strip of high ground that separates one drainage basin from another
Outlet - (ANSWER)The outlet point of a watershed where all runoff is drained
Stream - (ANSWER)A body of water confined to a channel, moving downhill under the influence of
gravity
Tributary - (ANSWER)Small stream flowing into a larger one
Headwaters (def) - (ANSWER)Upper part of a stream near its source
Strahler's stream order - (ANSWER)A number indicating the level of branching of a stream, only
increases when two streams of the same order combine
Precipitation - (ANSWER)Water condensed in clouds that falls on land as rain, sleet, hail, or snow
Evaporation - (ANSWER)Water heated by the sun, converted into a gas, returned to the atmosphere
Infiltration - (ANSWER)Water that moves from above ground to the subsurface
Storage - (ANSWER)Water held in contained areas for a given amount of time
Runoff - (ANSWER)Water that moves away from a location via surface or subsurface flow processes
,GEOG 322 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED
LATEST UPDATE!!
River discharge - (ANSWER)Flow of water within a river
Interception - (ANSWER)Water prevented from reaching the ground by plant leaves and branches
Transpiration - (ANSWER)Water from plant leaves and stems, converted to water vapour, returned to
the atmosphere
Evapotranspiration - (ANSWER)A combination of evaporation and transpiration
Water table - (ANSWER)Subsurface boundary below which the ground is completely saturated
Percolation - (ANSWER)Water moves vertically through the soil towards the water table
Recharge - (ANSWER)Water added to the water table
Groundwater flow - (ANSWER)Water flowing below the water table
Reservoir - (ANSWER)Store of water (units of volume)
Flux - (ANSWER)Water moving between reservoirs (units of volume/time)
Residence time - (ANSWER)The average time spent by a water molecule in a reservoir
Water balance equation - (ANSWER)Change in storage = input - output = P + Gin - ET - Q - Gout
Steady state (water balance) - (ANSWER)Change in storage = 0
, GEOG 322 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED
LATEST UPDATE!!
Transient state (water balance) - (ANSWER)Change in storage ≠ 0
Modified water balance - (ANSWER)Runoff = total precipitation - hydrological losses
Supersaturated zone - (ANSWER)A temperature/vapour pressure zone in which water cannot be gas and
must condense into a liquid
Convective uplift - (ANSWER)Air at the surface is heated, rises, and condenses (lower temp + higher
pressure) → precipitation
Frontal/adjective uplift - (ANSWER)Clouds come in that are warmer/colder than existing air
Adiabatic lapse rate - (ANSWER)The ratio between temperature decrease and elevation
Orographic precipitation steps - (ANSWER)1) Air moves up mountain
2) Starts cooling at 1C/100m (dry), continues rising and condenses
3) Continues cooling at 0.6C/100m (wet)
4) May rain
5) Moves over mountain and starts moving down → warms up at 0.6C/100m
6) Condensation stops → warms up at 1C/100m
7) Cooler on windward side than leeward side
Raindrop formation - (ANSWER)Water molecules attach to cloud condensation nuclei, drops collide with
each other and grow, when they become heavy enough they fall as precipitation
Isohyet map - (ANSWER)Contour lines of equal rainfall depth
LATEST UPDATE!!
The water cycle - (ANSWER)The storage and movement of water between the biosphere, atmosphere,
lithosphere, and hydrosphere
Watershed - (ANSWER)An area of land that drains water to a common point
Divide - (ANSWER)A ridge/strip of high ground that separates one drainage basin from another
Outlet - (ANSWER)The outlet point of a watershed where all runoff is drained
Stream - (ANSWER)A body of water confined to a channel, moving downhill under the influence of
gravity
Tributary - (ANSWER)Small stream flowing into a larger one
Headwaters (def) - (ANSWER)Upper part of a stream near its source
Strahler's stream order - (ANSWER)A number indicating the level of branching of a stream, only
increases when two streams of the same order combine
Precipitation - (ANSWER)Water condensed in clouds that falls on land as rain, sleet, hail, or snow
Evaporation - (ANSWER)Water heated by the sun, converted into a gas, returned to the atmosphere
Infiltration - (ANSWER)Water that moves from above ground to the subsurface
Storage - (ANSWER)Water held in contained areas for a given amount of time
Runoff - (ANSWER)Water that moves away from a location via surface or subsurface flow processes
,GEOG 322 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED
LATEST UPDATE!!
River discharge - (ANSWER)Flow of water within a river
Interception - (ANSWER)Water prevented from reaching the ground by plant leaves and branches
Transpiration - (ANSWER)Water from plant leaves and stems, converted to water vapour, returned to
the atmosphere
Evapotranspiration - (ANSWER)A combination of evaporation and transpiration
Water table - (ANSWER)Subsurface boundary below which the ground is completely saturated
Percolation - (ANSWER)Water moves vertically through the soil towards the water table
Recharge - (ANSWER)Water added to the water table
Groundwater flow - (ANSWER)Water flowing below the water table
Reservoir - (ANSWER)Store of water (units of volume)
Flux - (ANSWER)Water moving between reservoirs (units of volume/time)
Residence time - (ANSWER)The average time spent by a water molecule in a reservoir
Water balance equation - (ANSWER)Change in storage = input - output = P + Gin - ET - Q - Gout
Steady state (water balance) - (ANSWER)Change in storage = 0
, GEOG 322 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED
LATEST UPDATE!!
Transient state (water balance) - (ANSWER)Change in storage ≠ 0
Modified water balance - (ANSWER)Runoff = total precipitation - hydrological losses
Supersaturated zone - (ANSWER)A temperature/vapour pressure zone in which water cannot be gas and
must condense into a liquid
Convective uplift - (ANSWER)Air at the surface is heated, rises, and condenses (lower temp + higher
pressure) → precipitation
Frontal/adjective uplift - (ANSWER)Clouds come in that are warmer/colder than existing air
Adiabatic lapse rate - (ANSWER)The ratio between temperature decrease and elevation
Orographic precipitation steps - (ANSWER)1) Air moves up mountain
2) Starts cooling at 1C/100m (dry), continues rising and condenses
3) Continues cooling at 0.6C/100m (wet)
4) May rain
5) Moves over mountain and starts moving down → warms up at 0.6C/100m
6) Condensation stops → warms up at 1C/100m
7) Cooler on windward side than leeward side
Raindrop formation - (ANSWER)Water molecules attach to cloud condensation nuclei, drops collide with
each other and grow, when they become heavy enough they fall as precipitation
Isohyet map - (ANSWER)Contour lines of equal rainfall depth
