ABFM ITE 2025/2026 Latest Exam!!! – Complete Practice
Questions, Answers, and Study Guide for Family Medicine
Residents||Brand New Exam!!!
Medications associated with osteoporosis & increased fracture risk - ANSWER:
antiepileptics, long-term heparin, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, aromatase inhibitors,
glucocorticoids, GNRH agonists, thiazolidinediones, excessive doses of levothyroxine, PPIs,
SSRIs, parenteral nutrients, medroxyprogesterone contraceptives, methotrexate, and
aluminum antacids
Malignant vs. benign lung lesions - ANSWER: Malignant: nonsolid "ground glass"
appearance, size > 6 mm, noncalcified lesions, lesion size or volume doubling time between 1
month & 1 year, irregular or spiculated borders
Benign: concentric or "popcorn-like" calcifications, < 6 mm, doubling times of <1 month or
>2-4 years, dense solid-appearing, smooth regular borders
Immunotherapy can prevent recurrence of severe allergic reactions triggered by what? -
ANSWER: wasp/bee stings
Patients who inject drugs should be screened for? - ANSWER: HIV, hepatitis A, hepatitis
B, hepatitis C, latent TB
Signs of a poor latch (breastfeeding) - ANSWER: infant's dimpled cheeks (not getting
enough of the breast in the mouth); inverted or very large nipples
good latch - most or all of mother's areola completely in infant's mouth and not visible during
breastfeeding; infant's chin (not nose) should be against breast
Which disorder of sexual development is associated with increased risk of endometrial
cancer, celiac disease, and structural heart defects? - ANSWER: Turner syndrome
What reduces risk for recurrent gout attacks? - ANSWER: colchicine or NSAID (should
be > 8 weeks)
1|Page
,HCTZ effects.. - ANSWER: hypercalcemia
hyperglycemia
hyperuricemia
hypokalemia
hyponatremia
Androgenetic alopecia vs alopecia areata - ANSWER: Androgenetic alopecia - bitemporal
thinning of the frontal and vertex scalp in men; frontal hairline spared and hair thinning most
apparent at vertex in women
- family history of hair loss
Alopecia areata- acute, patchy hair loss
Anagen effluvium - diffuse hair loss days-weeks after exposure to chemotherapeutic agents
Acne treatment - ANSWER: 1st line - topical retinoids
- adapalene available OTC
- benzoyl peroxide - reduces concentration of cystic acne
best = topical retinoid + benzoyl peroxide
Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis - ANSWER: -develops 2-5 days after penetrating hand
injury
-4 "Kanavel" signs - pain with passive extension, tenderness with palpation of the tendon
sheath, flexed position of the involved finger, fusiform swelling of the finger
-Tx: IV Abx, urgent surgical consultation (debridement & irrigation) within 72 hrs of
symptom onset
Praxis - ANSWER: ability to carry out intentional motor acts; assessed by giving patient
common object (hairbrush, pencil, etc) & asking patient to show how it is used
2|Page
,apraxia- unable to carry out such motor acts
Executive functioning - ANSWER: ordering & implementation of cognitive functions
necessary to engage in appropriate behavior (assessed by asking patient to draw clock with
the hands set at a certain time)
Gnosia - ANSWER: ability to name objects & their function (assessed by showing a
patient a common object such as a pen, watch, stethoscope & asking whether he/she can
identify it and describe how it is used)
Visuospatial proficiency - ANSWER: ability to perceive & manipulate objects & shapes in
space
Celiac disease in children monitoring - ANSWER: Annual monitoring with IgA antibody
to tissue transglutaminase (IgA anti-tTG); should decrease if patient adhering to gluten-free
diet
screening: IgA tTG antibody testing paired with serum total IgA levels bc IgA deficiency 10-
15x more common in pt with celiac disease
confirmation: small bowel biopsy
Male, > 65yo, smoked in past
USPSTF screening? - ANSWER: AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm) screening
-single most important determinant of the risk that an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) will
rupture is the diameter of the aneurysm. In men, aneurysm repair is recommended when the
aneurysm reaches 5.5 cm in diameter. In women, whose aortas tend to be smaller, the
recommended maximum diameter is 5.0 cm.
Medications that lead to hypercalcemia? - ANSWER: lithium
hydrochlorothiazide
3|Page
, Pregnant woman with equivocal rubella titer? - ANSWER: patient should get MMR
booster vaccination after delivery (should not get pregnant for 4 weeks after receiving MMR
vaccine)
Septic arthritis work-up (child) - ANSWER: 1. CBC, ESR, CRP
2. joint aspiration and/or MRI
Two cardinal symptoms of depression on PHQ-2 - ANSWER: depressed mood and
anhedonia
Over the past two weeks, how often have you felt little interest or pleasure in doing things?
Over the past two weeks, how often have you felt down, depressed, or hopeless?
Treatment of venous stasis ulcer - ANSWER: compression hose and bandages
When is IGRA (interferon-gamma release assay) recommended? - ANSWER: >5 yo who
are likely infected with TB, have low to intermediate risk of disease progression, & either
have hx of BCG vaccination or are unlikely to have their TST read
When is cardiac resynchronization therapy recommended? - ANSWER: symptomatic heart
failure
EF < 30%
left bundle branch block with QRS interval >150 msec
normal QRS interval = 60-100 milliseconds
What is ivabradine? - ANSWER: SA node modulator
used in pt w/ symptomatic HF as an add-on therapy to decrease the HR
indicated in pt with HR > 70 beat/min despite beta-blockage
Entresto (sacubitril/valsartan) contraindicated in patients w/ hx of.... - ANSWER:
angioedema
4|Page
Questions, Answers, and Study Guide for Family Medicine
Residents||Brand New Exam!!!
Medications associated with osteoporosis & increased fracture risk - ANSWER:
antiepileptics, long-term heparin, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, aromatase inhibitors,
glucocorticoids, GNRH agonists, thiazolidinediones, excessive doses of levothyroxine, PPIs,
SSRIs, parenteral nutrients, medroxyprogesterone contraceptives, methotrexate, and
aluminum antacids
Malignant vs. benign lung lesions - ANSWER: Malignant: nonsolid "ground glass"
appearance, size > 6 mm, noncalcified lesions, lesion size or volume doubling time between 1
month & 1 year, irregular or spiculated borders
Benign: concentric or "popcorn-like" calcifications, < 6 mm, doubling times of <1 month or
>2-4 years, dense solid-appearing, smooth regular borders
Immunotherapy can prevent recurrence of severe allergic reactions triggered by what? -
ANSWER: wasp/bee stings
Patients who inject drugs should be screened for? - ANSWER: HIV, hepatitis A, hepatitis
B, hepatitis C, latent TB
Signs of a poor latch (breastfeeding) - ANSWER: infant's dimpled cheeks (not getting
enough of the breast in the mouth); inverted or very large nipples
good latch - most or all of mother's areola completely in infant's mouth and not visible during
breastfeeding; infant's chin (not nose) should be against breast
Which disorder of sexual development is associated with increased risk of endometrial
cancer, celiac disease, and structural heart defects? - ANSWER: Turner syndrome
What reduces risk for recurrent gout attacks? - ANSWER: colchicine or NSAID (should
be > 8 weeks)
1|Page
,HCTZ effects.. - ANSWER: hypercalcemia
hyperglycemia
hyperuricemia
hypokalemia
hyponatremia
Androgenetic alopecia vs alopecia areata - ANSWER: Androgenetic alopecia - bitemporal
thinning of the frontal and vertex scalp in men; frontal hairline spared and hair thinning most
apparent at vertex in women
- family history of hair loss
Alopecia areata- acute, patchy hair loss
Anagen effluvium - diffuse hair loss days-weeks after exposure to chemotherapeutic agents
Acne treatment - ANSWER: 1st line - topical retinoids
- adapalene available OTC
- benzoyl peroxide - reduces concentration of cystic acne
best = topical retinoid + benzoyl peroxide
Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis - ANSWER: -develops 2-5 days after penetrating hand
injury
-4 "Kanavel" signs - pain with passive extension, tenderness with palpation of the tendon
sheath, flexed position of the involved finger, fusiform swelling of the finger
-Tx: IV Abx, urgent surgical consultation (debridement & irrigation) within 72 hrs of
symptom onset
Praxis - ANSWER: ability to carry out intentional motor acts; assessed by giving patient
common object (hairbrush, pencil, etc) & asking patient to show how it is used
2|Page
,apraxia- unable to carry out such motor acts
Executive functioning - ANSWER: ordering & implementation of cognitive functions
necessary to engage in appropriate behavior (assessed by asking patient to draw clock with
the hands set at a certain time)
Gnosia - ANSWER: ability to name objects & their function (assessed by showing a
patient a common object such as a pen, watch, stethoscope & asking whether he/she can
identify it and describe how it is used)
Visuospatial proficiency - ANSWER: ability to perceive & manipulate objects & shapes in
space
Celiac disease in children monitoring - ANSWER: Annual monitoring with IgA antibody
to tissue transglutaminase (IgA anti-tTG); should decrease if patient adhering to gluten-free
diet
screening: IgA tTG antibody testing paired with serum total IgA levels bc IgA deficiency 10-
15x more common in pt with celiac disease
confirmation: small bowel biopsy
Male, > 65yo, smoked in past
USPSTF screening? - ANSWER: AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm) screening
-single most important determinant of the risk that an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) will
rupture is the diameter of the aneurysm. In men, aneurysm repair is recommended when the
aneurysm reaches 5.5 cm in diameter. In women, whose aortas tend to be smaller, the
recommended maximum diameter is 5.0 cm.
Medications that lead to hypercalcemia? - ANSWER: lithium
hydrochlorothiazide
3|Page
, Pregnant woman with equivocal rubella titer? - ANSWER: patient should get MMR
booster vaccination after delivery (should not get pregnant for 4 weeks after receiving MMR
vaccine)
Septic arthritis work-up (child) - ANSWER: 1. CBC, ESR, CRP
2. joint aspiration and/or MRI
Two cardinal symptoms of depression on PHQ-2 - ANSWER: depressed mood and
anhedonia
Over the past two weeks, how often have you felt little interest or pleasure in doing things?
Over the past two weeks, how often have you felt down, depressed, or hopeless?
Treatment of venous stasis ulcer - ANSWER: compression hose and bandages
When is IGRA (interferon-gamma release assay) recommended? - ANSWER: >5 yo who
are likely infected with TB, have low to intermediate risk of disease progression, & either
have hx of BCG vaccination or are unlikely to have their TST read
When is cardiac resynchronization therapy recommended? - ANSWER: symptomatic heart
failure
EF < 30%
left bundle branch block with QRS interval >150 msec
normal QRS interval = 60-100 milliseconds
What is ivabradine? - ANSWER: SA node modulator
used in pt w/ symptomatic HF as an add-on therapy to decrease the HR
indicated in pt with HR > 70 beat/min despite beta-blockage
Entresto (sacubitril/valsartan) contraindicated in patients w/ hx of.... - ANSWER:
angioedema
4|Page
