NRSG 574 Final Exam
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1. SSRIs used for PTSD: Sertraline and Paroxetine
2. SNRIs used for PTSD: Venlafaxine and Paroxetine
3. How many criterion do patients have to meet for PTSD: 5
4. How long do symptoms have to last for a PTSD Diagnosis: More than 1 month, and
they must cause significant distress or functional impairment
5. 5 Criterion for PTSD: Exposure to Trauma
Intrusive Symptoms
Avoidance
Negative Changes in Mood and Cognition
Arousal and Reactivity
6. Exposure to trauma in PTSD: Involves actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence,
experienced directly, witnessed, learned about happening to a close family member or friend, or repeated/extreme
exposure to aversive details
7. Intrusive Symptoms in PTSD: Includes intrusive memories, nightmares, flashbacks, physical or psy-
chological distress when exposed to trauma triggers.
8. Avoidance in PTSD: avoiding internal trauma reminders (memories, thoughts, feelings) or external trauma
reminders (people, places, activities)
9. Negative Changes in Mood and Cognition in PTSD: two or more symptoms, including
persistent negative beliefs about self/others/the world, persistent distorted trauma-related cognitions, persistent
negative emotional states (like fear, anger, guilt, shame), persistent inability to experience positive emotions, diminished
interest or participation in significant activities, or feelings of detachment/estrangement from others.
10. Arousal and Reactivity in PTSD: requires two or more symptoms related to trauma-related arousal
and reactivity
Irritability and angry outbursts with little or no provocation.
Aggression toward people or objects.
Reckless or self-destructive behavior.
Hypervigilance.
Exaggerated startle.
Concentration problems.
Sleep disturbance.
11. Hypervigilance: state of ongoing anxiety in which the person is constantly tense and alert for threats
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12. Involuntary hospitalization: mandated without the person's consent
13. Reasons for involuntary hospitaization: The individual is:
mentally disordered, dangerous to self or others, or unable to provide for basic needs.
14. Example of involuntary hospitalization: Suicidal or homicidal thoughts and inability to care for
self in schizophrenia
Risk for suicide, failure to comply with treatment, and severe depression in eating disorders
15. Risk factors for suicide: family history, comorbid illness, firearms, isolation, perceived burden, access to
lethal means, recent loss, hopelessness, trauma
16. Strongest indicator of suicide risk: Prior suicide attempt
17. Suicide risk for schizophrenia patients: Male, young, experiencing post psychotic depression
18. What age does suicide completion peak: Middle age and 75+
19. mental status exam: Assessment of cognitive and emotional functioning. Core element of assessment
20. Components of a mental status exam: Consciousness, appearance, behavioral, attention, Ori-
entation, Language/speech, memory, mood, affect, thought process, thought content, perception, judgement, insight,
reasoning
21. Appearance: Prominent features, Eye contact, Dress and grooming, Posture, Level of Alertness
22. Examples of appearance: Cleanliness, well-groomed, malodorous, disheveled; Rigid, slumped, com-
fortable; Alert, drowsy, confused
23. Examples of motor behavior: Shuffling, limping, WNL; Lip smacking, tremors, tics; Retarded/slow,
excited; Akathisia, rocking, picking, pacing
24. Speech: Rate, Spontaneity, Rhythm, Volume
25. Examples of speech: Delayed, hesitant, pressured; Stuttering; Soft, quiet, loud
26. Attitude/manner: Degree of cooperativeness (how the patient relates to the evaluator)
27. Examples of attitude/manner: Cooperative, Guarded, Pleasant, Suspicious, Friendly, Hostile
28. Thought process: Form/flow of thinking; assessed for coherence, logic, and goal-directedness.
29. Circumstantial: A thought process disturbance where the person provides excessive detail before getting
to the point.
30. Tangential: A thought process disturbance where the person goes off-topic and does not return to the main
point.
31. Word Salad: A thought process disturbance characterized by a jumble of words that lack meaning.
, NRSG 574 Final Exam
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32. Loose associations: A thought process disturbance where the person's thoughts are loosely connected
and lack logical flow.
33. Flight of ideas: A thought process disturbance characterized by rapid shifts in conversation topics.
34. Echolalia: A thought process disturbance characterized by the repetition of another person's speech.
35. Clanging: A thought process disturbance where words are chosen based on their sound rather than meaning.
36. Neologisms: A thought process disturbance where the person creates new words or phrases.
37. Perservation: A thought process disturbance characterized by the repetition of a particular response despite
the absence of a stimulus.
38. Thought content: Themes and specific beliefs, including delusions, obsessions/compulsions, and percep-
tual disturbances.
39. Delusions: False fixed beliefs that are resistant to reason or confrontation with actual fact.
40. Obsessions: Recurrent and persistent thoughts that are intrusive and unwanted.
41. Compulsions: Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to
an obsession.
42. Hallucinations: Perceptual disturbances that can be auditory, visual, tactile, or olfactory.
43. Communicating with pediatrics: Use easy to understand words and use less open-ended ques-
tions, aiming for more specific language. Collect collateral information
44. Collateral information: Information collected from other sources than the patient (parents, teachers,
family members, spouses, etc)
45. Art and play: engage in play to enhance child development/attention/keep the child at ease
46. Developmental stages: Preschool age, School age, Adolescent
47. Preschool age considerations: They have difficulty putting feelings into words and thinking abstract-
ly, making the use of play, drawings, and assessment tools effective
48. School age considerations: They can begin using constructs and provide longer explanations, and
rapport can be built through competitive games
49. Adolescent considerations: may be egocentric with increased self-consciousness and fear of being
shamed; communication should convey respect, cooperation, honesty, and genuineness.
50. How to help adolescents feel in control: must explain what information will be shared with
parents/guardians
51. Symptom presentation in pediatrics: may be observed primarily through behavior rather than
self-reported feelings due to lacking the ability to articulate feelings ("meh, fine, i don't know)"
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ij1sv7
1. SSRIs used for PTSD: Sertraline and Paroxetine
2. SNRIs used for PTSD: Venlafaxine and Paroxetine
3. How many criterion do patients have to meet for PTSD: 5
4. How long do symptoms have to last for a PTSD Diagnosis: More than 1 month, and
they must cause significant distress or functional impairment
5. 5 Criterion for PTSD: Exposure to Trauma
Intrusive Symptoms
Avoidance
Negative Changes in Mood and Cognition
Arousal and Reactivity
6. Exposure to trauma in PTSD: Involves actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence,
experienced directly, witnessed, learned about happening to a close family member or friend, or repeated/extreme
exposure to aversive details
7. Intrusive Symptoms in PTSD: Includes intrusive memories, nightmares, flashbacks, physical or psy-
chological distress when exposed to trauma triggers.
8. Avoidance in PTSD: avoiding internal trauma reminders (memories, thoughts, feelings) or external trauma
reminders (people, places, activities)
9. Negative Changes in Mood and Cognition in PTSD: two or more symptoms, including
persistent negative beliefs about self/others/the world, persistent distorted trauma-related cognitions, persistent
negative emotional states (like fear, anger, guilt, shame), persistent inability to experience positive emotions, diminished
interest or participation in significant activities, or feelings of detachment/estrangement from others.
10. Arousal and Reactivity in PTSD: requires two or more symptoms related to trauma-related arousal
and reactivity
Irritability and angry outbursts with little or no provocation.
Aggression toward people or objects.
Reckless or self-destructive behavior.
Hypervigilance.
Exaggerated startle.
Concentration problems.
Sleep disturbance.
11. Hypervigilance: state of ongoing anxiety in which the person is constantly tense and alert for threats
, NRSG 574 Final Exam
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12. Involuntary hospitalization: mandated without the person's consent
13. Reasons for involuntary hospitaization: The individual is:
mentally disordered, dangerous to self or others, or unable to provide for basic needs.
14. Example of involuntary hospitalization: Suicidal or homicidal thoughts and inability to care for
self in schizophrenia
Risk for suicide, failure to comply with treatment, and severe depression in eating disorders
15. Risk factors for suicide: family history, comorbid illness, firearms, isolation, perceived burden, access to
lethal means, recent loss, hopelessness, trauma
16. Strongest indicator of suicide risk: Prior suicide attempt
17. Suicide risk for schizophrenia patients: Male, young, experiencing post psychotic depression
18. What age does suicide completion peak: Middle age and 75+
19. mental status exam: Assessment of cognitive and emotional functioning. Core element of assessment
20. Components of a mental status exam: Consciousness, appearance, behavioral, attention, Ori-
entation, Language/speech, memory, mood, affect, thought process, thought content, perception, judgement, insight,
reasoning
21. Appearance: Prominent features, Eye contact, Dress and grooming, Posture, Level of Alertness
22. Examples of appearance: Cleanliness, well-groomed, malodorous, disheveled; Rigid, slumped, com-
fortable; Alert, drowsy, confused
23. Examples of motor behavior: Shuffling, limping, WNL; Lip smacking, tremors, tics; Retarded/slow,
excited; Akathisia, rocking, picking, pacing
24. Speech: Rate, Spontaneity, Rhythm, Volume
25. Examples of speech: Delayed, hesitant, pressured; Stuttering; Soft, quiet, loud
26. Attitude/manner: Degree of cooperativeness (how the patient relates to the evaluator)
27. Examples of attitude/manner: Cooperative, Guarded, Pleasant, Suspicious, Friendly, Hostile
28. Thought process: Form/flow of thinking; assessed for coherence, logic, and goal-directedness.
29. Circumstantial: A thought process disturbance where the person provides excessive detail before getting
to the point.
30. Tangential: A thought process disturbance where the person goes off-topic and does not return to the main
point.
31. Word Salad: A thought process disturbance characterized by a jumble of words that lack meaning.
, NRSG 574 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ij1sv7
32. Loose associations: A thought process disturbance where the person's thoughts are loosely connected
and lack logical flow.
33. Flight of ideas: A thought process disturbance characterized by rapid shifts in conversation topics.
34. Echolalia: A thought process disturbance characterized by the repetition of another person's speech.
35. Clanging: A thought process disturbance where words are chosen based on their sound rather than meaning.
36. Neologisms: A thought process disturbance where the person creates new words or phrases.
37. Perservation: A thought process disturbance characterized by the repetition of a particular response despite
the absence of a stimulus.
38. Thought content: Themes and specific beliefs, including delusions, obsessions/compulsions, and percep-
tual disturbances.
39. Delusions: False fixed beliefs that are resistant to reason or confrontation with actual fact.
40. Obsessions: Recurrent and persistent thoughts that are intrusive and unwanted.
41. Compulsions: Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to
an obsession.
42. Hallucinations: Perceptual disturbances that can be auditory, visual, tactile, or olfactory.
43. Communicating with pediatrics: Use easy to understand words and use less open-ended ques-
tions, aiming for more specific language. Collect collateral information
44. Collateral information: Information collected from other sources than the patient (parents, teachers,
family members, spouses, etc)
45. Art and play: engage in play to enhance child development/attention/keep the child at ease
46. Developmental stages: Preschool age, School age, Adolescent
47. Preschool age considerations: They have difficulty putting feelings into words and thinking abstract-
ly, making the use of play, drawings, and assessment tools effective
48. School age considerations: They can begin using constructs and provide longer explanations, and
rapport can be built through competitive games
49. Adolescent considerations: may be egocentric with increased self-consciousness and fear of being
shamed; communication should convey respect, cooperation, honesty, and genuineness.
50. How to help adolescents feel in control: must explain what information will be shared with
parents/guardians
51. Symptom presentation in pediatrics: may be observed primarily through behavior rather than
self-reported feelings due to lacking the ability to articulate feelings ("meh, fine, i don't know)"
