NURS 216 EXAM 1 – Questions With Fully Solved Solutions
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Sherpath: Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 21 Test Case Study 4 (Short
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Terms in this set (89)
The arterial blood gas (ABG) of a patient is Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis
the following: pH= 7.49, PaCO2= 30 mmHg,
HCO3-= 18mEq/L. How should the nurse
interpret these results?
A patient experiencing a severe anxiety Respiratory alkalosis
attack with an excessive respiratory rate
(tachypnea) is at risk for which acid-base
imbalance?
Which statement is true regarding the CD4+ TH cells help activate leukocytes in both the cell-
difference between CD4+ TH cells and CD8+ mediated and humoral immune responses
Tc cells?
What is the physiologic cause of erythema Arterioles vasodilate before capillaries causing venous
during the inflammatory response process? congestion
Which statement is true regarding the role MHC II complexes communicate with antigen presenting cells
of major histocompatibility complexes in the (APCs) or B cells
immune system?
Which of the following statements about Vaccines help patients develop active immunity against a
vaccines is true? specific antigen
A nurse is caring for a patient who is Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
experiencing hyponatremia, decreased
urine output, and edema. The nurse
anticipates which diagnosis for this patient?
How will the body compensate in a patient Increase rate and depth of breathing
experiencing metabolic acidosis?
A genetic condition resulting in non- A reduced ability to produce antibodies
functioning B-cells would cause what type
of problem with the immune response?
Which of the following situations would be Excess water intake
most likely to result in hyponatremia?
, What are the normal ranges for pH, CO2, pH: 7.35 - 7.45
and HCO3 CO2: 45-35
HCO3: 22-26
What physiological changes result in Increased Hydrostatic Pressure
edema? Increased Capillary Permeability
Decreased Capillary Collodial Pressure
Lymph Obstruction
What are some causes of Increased Hypervolemia (ex. CHF, Kidney Disease, PMS Na+ retention,
Hydrostatic Pressure? Pregnancy) & Venous Obstruction (Liver Disease, Portal Vein
Obstruction, Pulmonary Edema, DVT)
What are some causes of Increased Inflammation, Allergic Reactions, Tissue Injury, Burns
Capillary Permeability?
What are some cause of Decreased Increase loss of plasma proteins (ex. burns, loss of proteins
Capillary Collodial Pressure? with glomerular disease) & Decrease production of plasma
proteins (liver disease to ascites, starvation, malnutrition)
What are some causes of Lymph Malignant obstruction of lymphatic structures, surgical
Obstruction? removal of nodes
What are some manifestations (s/s) of - local or generalized
edema? - increases distance for diffusion of oxygen and nutrients
across the body (increases the SA) (hypoxia)
- can compress blood vessels (ischemia)
What are some causes of Fluid Volume Increase Intake including increase sodium intake (PO & IV),
Excess? renal insufficiency or failure, decrease CO, corticosteroid tx
What would the labs of someone how Dilutional hyponatremia & Dilutional anemia
suffers from fluid volume excess look like?
What are some manifestations of Fluid Dependent edema, Generalized edema, Pulmonary edema,
Volume Excess? JVD, Hypertension
What are some causes of Fluid Volume Inadequate fluid intake, Excess GI, Renal, Skin, & 3rd space
Deficit? losses
What would the labs of someone how Increased Hematocrit
suffers from fluid volume deficit look like? Increased BUN
Increased Spec. Gravity
What are some manifestations of Fluid Acute Weight Loss, Increased Serum Osmo., Decreased
Volume Deficit? vascular volume
________ follows _______. WATER follows SALT!
What two mechanisms are used to protect Alterations in hemodynamic variables and alterations in Na+
vascular volume? and H2O retention.
What are the differences between the -Thirst vs ADH
different mechanism of water regulation? Thirst: regulates intake, more conscious, responds to ECF
change in osmo. and vol.
ADH: regulates water absorption by the kidney, regulated by
ECF change in osmo. and vol.
Save
Students also studied
Sherpath: Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 21 Test Case Study 4 (Short
30 terms 24 terms 22 terms
jesssbee Preview kenanderson2017 Preview Brittany182
Terms in this set (89)
The arterial blood gas (ABG) of a patient is Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis
the following: pH= 7.49, PaCO2= 30 mmHg,
HCO3-= 18mEq/L. How should the nurse
interpret these results?
A patient experiencing a severe anxiety Respiratory alkalosis
attack with an excessive respiratory rate
(tachypnea) is at risk for which acid-base
imbalance?
Which statement is true regarding the CD4+ TH cells help activate leukocytes in both the cell-
difference between CD4+ TH cells and CD8+ mediated and humoral immune responses
Tc cells?
What is the physiologic cause of erythema Arterioles vasodilate before capillaries causing venous
during the inflammatory response process? congestion
Which statement is true regarding the role MHC II complexes communicate with antigen presenting cells
of major histocompatibility complexes in the (APCs) or B cells
immune system?
Which of the following statements about Vaccines help patients develop active immunity against a
vaccines is true? specific antigen
A nurse is caring for a patient who is Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
experiencing hyponatremia, decreased
urine output, and edema. The nurse
anticipates which diagnosis for this patient?
How will the body compensate in a patient Increase rate and depth of breathing
experiencing metabolic acidosis?
A genetic condition resulting in non- A reduced ability to produce antibodies
functioning B-cells would cause what type
of problem with the immune response?
Which of the following situations would be Excess water intake
most likely to result in hyponatremia?
, What are the normal ranges for pH, CO2, pH: 7.35 - 7.45
and HCO3 CO2: 45-35
HCO3: 22-26
What physiological changes result in Increased Hydrostatic Pressure
edema? Increased Capillary Permeability
Decreased Capillary Collodial Pressure
Lymph Obstruction
What are some causes of Increased Hypervolemia (ex. CHF, Kidney Disease, PMS Na+ retention,
Hydrostatic Pressure? Pregnancy) & Venous Obstruction (Liver Disease, Portal Vein
Obstruction, Pulmonary Edema, DVT)
What are some causes of Increased Inflammation, Allergic Reactions, Tissue Injury, Burns
Capillary Permeability?
What are some cause of Decreased Increase loss of plasma proteins (ex. burns, loss of proteins
Capillary Collodial Pressure? with glomerular disease) & Decrease production of plasma
proteins (liver disease to ascites, starvation, malnutrition)
What are some causes of Lymph Malignant obstruction of lymphatic structures, surgical
Obstruction? removal of nodes
What are some manifestations (s/s) of - local or generalized
edema? - increases distance for diffusion of oxygen and nutrients
across the body (increases the SA) (hypoxia)
- can compress blood vessels (ischemia)
What are some causes of Fluid Volume Increase Intake including increase sodium intake (PO & IV),
Excess? renal insufficiency or failure, decrease CO, corticosteroid tx
What would the labs of someone how Dilutional hyponatremia & Dilutional anemia
suffers from fluid volume excess look like?
What are some manifestations of Fluid Dependent edema, Generalized edema, Pulmonary edema,
Volume Excess? JVD, Hypertension
What are some causes of Fluid Volume Inadequate fluid intake, Excess GI, Renal, Skin, & 3rd space
Deficit? losses
What would the labs of someone how Increased Hematocrit
suffers from fluid volume deficit look like? Increased BUN
Increased Spec. Gravity
What are some manifestations of Fluid Acute Weight Loss, Increased Serum Osmo., Decreased
Volume Deficit? vascular volume
________ follows _______. WATER follows SALT!
What two mechanisms are used to protect Alterations in hemodynamic variables and alterations in Na+
vascular volume? and H2O retention.
What are the differences between the -Thirst vs ADH
different mechanism of water regulation? Thirst: regulates intake, more conscious, responds to ECF
change in osmo. and vol.
ADH: regulates water absorption by the kidney, regulated by
ECF change in osmo. and vol.
