Introduction to Counseling Assessment with all Correct
& 100% Verified Answers| Latest Update |Already
Graded A+
LO1 - Describe the relationship between counseling and assessment ✔Correct Answer--
LO2 - Identify the various types of assessments commonly used in counseling practice ✔Correct
Answer--
LO3 - Articulate the history and origins of testing and assessment practices ✔Correct Answer--
LO4 - recognize the challenges inherent in the practice of counseling assessment ✔Correct
Answer--
LO5 - Identify and locate assessment competencies required by professional counselors ✔Correct
Answer--
LO6 - Demonstrate knowledge of assessment in CACREP accreditation standards ✔Correct
Answer--
LO7 - Discuss controversial issues in counseling assessment ✔Correct Answer--
assessment ✔Correct Answer--(p. 4)
A process that integrates test information with information from other sources including information
obtained from other tests as well as the individual's social, educational, employment, health, or
psychological history (AERA, APA, & NCME, 1999, p. 3)
What is assessment? ✔Correct Answer--(p. 4-5)
The process by which counselors gather information they need to form a holistic view of their clients
and the problems with which they present. Members from the American Educational Research
Association (AERA), American Psychological Association (APA), and National Council on
Measurements in Education (NCME) produced the "Standards for Educational and Psychological
Testing" document known as the "standards" which defines the term assessment. Goes far beyond
"testing" or "standardized testing".
GOAL: to document and describe what is going on with the client, objective activity, without making
judgments as in "appraisal" and "evaluation" activities.
METHODS: observation, interviewing, screening, and standardized testing
psychological test ✔Correct Answer--(p. 5)
An objective, standardized measure of behavior
Purpose of assessment ✔Correct Answer--(p. 6-7)
- assessment as a continuous process during treatment
- serves four primary purposes:
1. screening
2. diagnosis
, 3. treatment planning and goal identification
4. progress evaluation
Assessment Practice in Ancient times (BCE) ✔Correct Answer--(p. 7)
- Chinse empire's civil service exam to become a government official around 2200 BCE and remained
in use until 1905, lasted three days and covered topics of civil law, military affairs, agriculture,
revenue, geography, archery, horsemanship and writing
- Ancient Greeks adjunct to education, educational planning in philosophy by Socrates in 500 BCE;
Plato suggested people work at jobs consistent w/ abilities and endowments, matching skill w/
aptitude
- then a gap of recorded use from then until the 1500s
Assessment Practice in the Middle Ages (1500s) ✔Correct Answer--(p. 8)
- Juan Huarte (first use of mental intelligence testing) published Examen de los Ingenios Para las
Scienzias or The Trial of Wits: Discovering the Great Differences of Wits Among Mena and What Sort
of Leaning Suits Best With Each Genius; suggests students should be assessed prior to academic
training to match intellectual capability with careers.
- Jesuits began using written exams across Europe and used for screening, placement, and evaluative
purposes; thought to be a form of social control because only nobility or clergy were literate
The Modern Testing Movement (1800s) ✔Correct Answer--(p. 8-10)
- traced to Victorian Era and English Biologist, Francie Galton and inspired by his cousin Charles
Darwin, he studied heredity; wrote book Hereditary Genius 1869; developed statistical concepts the
normal curve and correlational analysis; he encouraged Karl Pearson to develop a way to measure
the strength of association between 2 variables known as the Pearson product-moment correlation
coefficient (r)
- Wilhelm Wundt (father of experimental psychology) drawn to studying human intelligence,
assessed sensory phenomena (visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile stimuli) reaction times; more
interested in similarities than differences; emphasizes rigorous control of experimental conditions
which led to standardization procedures that play a prominent role in modern assessment practices
- James McKeen Cattell doctoral student of Wundt at University of Leipzig, studied in Galton's lab;
established firs American Experimental psychology lab; trained next gen of American psychologists;
worked on human intelligence, published a paper in 1890 where introduced the term "mental test'
to assess college students' intellectual level (included muscular strength, speed of movement,
sensitivity to pain, keenness of vision and hearing, weight discrimination, reaction time, and
memory); inclusion of memory was pioneering, at later rendered irrelevant
- works led to rapid growth and expansion of assessment in the 20th century.
Assessment in the Modern Era (1890s-1910s) ✔Correct Answer--(p. 10-12)
- Alfred Binet and Victor Henri, French psychologists defined intelligence as a collection of complex
mental abilities such as memory, abstraction, judgment, analytic processing, and reasoning; Binet-
Simon scale of intelligence (1905); revised in 1908 which included the term intelligence quotient (IQ)
which is a ration between mental age and chronological age and 1911; more in Chapter 7
- Lewis Terman published a revised version of the Binet-Simon intelligence scale and as a result of
translations into English, normative studies, and adding several new subtests his revision is known as
the Stanford-Binet test of intelligence
- Robert Yerkes serving as president APA in World War I urged involvement in the war effort;
developed by a group the Army Alpha & Beta tests in 1917 designed to assessing intellectual and
emotional functioning of recruits entering military, selection of officers, and assignment to specific
occupations or units.
- Vocational guidance movement:
& 100% Verified Answers| Latest Update |Already
Graded A+
LO1 - Describe the relationship between counseling and assessment ✔Correct Answer--
LO2 - Identify the various types of assessments commonly used in counseling practice ✔Correct
Answer--
LO3 - Articulate the history and origins of testing and assessment practices ✔Correct Answer--
LO4 - recognize the challenges inherent in the practice of counseling assessment ✔Correct
Answer--
LO5 - Identify and locate assessment competencies required by professional counselors ✔Correct
Answer--
LO6 - Demonstrate knowledge of assessment in CACREP accreditation standards ✔Correct
Answer--
LO7 - Discuss controversial issues in counseling assessment ✔Correct Answer--
assessment ✔Correct Answer--(p. 4)
A process that integrates test information with information from other sources including information
obtained from other tests as well as the individual's social, educational, employment, health, or
psychological history (AERA, APA, & NCME, 1999, p. 3)
What is assessment? ✔Correct Answer--(p. 4-5)
The process by which counselors gather information they need to form a holistic view of their clients
and the problems with which they present. Members from the American Educational Research
Association (AERA), American Psychological Association (APA), and National Council on
Measurements in Education (NCME) produced the "Standards for Educational and Psychological
Testing" document known as the "standards" which defines the term assessment. Goes far beyond
"testing" or "standardized testing".
GOAL: to document and describe what is going on with the client, objective activity, without making
judgments as in "appraisal" and "evaluation" activities.
METHODS: observation, interviewing, screening, and standardized testing
psychological test ✔Correct Answer--(p. 5)
An objective, standardized measure of behavior
Purpose of assessment ✔Correct Answer--(p. 6-7)
- assessment as a continuous process during treatment
- serves four primary purposes:
1. screening
2. diagnosis
, 3. treatment planning and goal identification
4. progress evaluation
Assessment Practice in Ancient times (BCE) ✔Correct Answer--(p. 7)
- Chinse empire's civil service exam to become a government official around 2200 BCE and remained
in use until 1905, lasted three days and covered topics of civil law, military affairs, agriculture,
revenue, geography, archery, horsemanship and writing
- Ancient Greeks adjunct to education, educational planning in philosophy by Socrates in 500 BCE;
Plato suggested people work at jobs consistent w/ abilities and endowments, matching skill w/
aptitude
- then a gap of recorded use from then until the 1500s
Assessment Practice in the Middle Ages (1500s) ✔Correct Answer--(p. 8)
- Juan Huarte (first use of mental intelligence testing) published Examen de los Ingenios Para las
Scienzias or The Trial of Wits: Discovering the Great Differences of Wits Among Mena and What Sort
of Leaning Suits Best With Each Genius; suggests students should be assessed prior to academic
training to match intellectual capability with careers.
- Jesuits began using written exams across Europe and used for screening, placement, and evaluative
purposes; thought to be a form of social control because only nobility or clergy were literate
The Modern Testing Movement (1800s) ✔Correct Answer--(p. 8-10)
- traced to Victorian Era and English Biologist, Francie Galton and inspired by his cousin Charles
Darwin, he studied heredity; wrote book Hereditary Genius 1869; developed statistical concepts the
normal curve and correlational analysis; he encouraged Karl Pearson to develop a way to measure
the strength of association between 2 variables known as the Pearson product-moment correlation
coefficient (r)
- Wilhelm Wundt (father of experimental psychology) drawn to studying human intelligence,
assessed sensory phenomena (visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile stimuli) reaction times; more
interested in similarities than differences; emphasizes rigorous control of experimental conditions
which led to standardization procedures that play a prominent role in modern assessment practices
- James McKeen Cattell doctoral student of Wundt at University of Leipzig, studied in Galton's lab;
established firs American Experimental psychology lab; trained next gen of American psychologists;
worked on human intelligence, published a paper in 1890 where introduced the term "mental test'
to assess college students' intellectual level (included muscular strength, speed of movement,
sensitivity to pain, keenness of vision and hearing, weight discrimination, reaction time, and
memory); inclusion of memory was pioneering, at later rendered irrelevant
- works led to rapid growth and expansion of assessment in the 20th century.
Assessment in the Modern Era (1890s-1910s) ✔Correct Answer--(p. 10-12)
- Alfred Binet and Victor Henri, French psychologists defined intelligence as a collection of complex
mental abilities such as memory, abstraction, judgment, analytic processing, and reasoning; Binet-
Simon scale of intelligence (1905); revised in 1908 which included the term intelligence quotient (IQ)
which is a ration between mental age and chronological age and 1911; more in Chapter 7
- Lewis Terman published a revised version of the Binet-Simon intelligence scale and as a result of
translations into English, normative studies, and adding several new subtests his revision is known as
the Stanford-Binet test of intelligence
- Robert Yerkes serving as president APA in World War I urged involvement in the war effort;
developed by a group the Army Alpha & Beta tests in 1917 designed to assessing intellectual and
emotional functioning of recruits entering military, selection of officers, and assignment to specific
occupations or units.
- Vocational guidance movement:
