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Samenvatting uroradiologie - Prof. Dr. Vandermeulen

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Dit document is een samenvatting van alles wat je moet kennen voor het deel van Prof. Dr. Vandermeulen van het examen Nier en urinewegen. Dit document is gebaseerd op de slides en mijn notities met oog voor details, volledigheid en structuur. Het document is aangevuld met afbeeldingen ter illustratie. Veel succes!

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URORADIOLOGIE: THEORETISCHE COLLGES
PROF. VANDERMEULEN


INHOUDSOPGAVE

1. algemene inleiding ............................................................................................................... 2
2. urolithiasis ........................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 conventionele radiologie .....................................................................................................3
2.2 echografie ..........................................................................................................................4
2.3 intraveneuze urografie .........................................................................................................7
2.4 computertomografie (CT).....................................................................................................9
2.5 differentiaal diagnose ........................................................................................................ 11
3. ontstekingen .......................................................................................................................11
3.1 acute pyelonefritis (APN) ................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Chronische pyelonefritis .................................................................................................... 12
4. focale nierparenchymletsels ...............................................................................................13
4.1 cysten .............................................................................................................................. 13
4.1.1 corticale cyste .......................................................................................................... 13
4.1.2 nier polycystose........................................................................................................ 14
4.1.3 parapyelische cyste .................................................................................................. 14
4.1.4 verwikkelde – complexe cysten .................................................................................. 14
4.2 vaste nierparenchymletsesls ............................................................................................. 15
4.2.1 nierparenchymtumoren ............................................................................................ 15
5. urotheliale tumoren (hogere urinewegen & blaas) ................................................................. 22
6. urethrale pathologie ............................................................................................................24
7. prostaatpathologie .............................................................................................................. 26
7.1.1 goedaardige hyperplasie ........................................................................................... 26
7.1.2 Carcinoom ............................................................................................................... 27
8. scrotale pathologie.............................................................................................................. 29
9. functionele nierparenchymaandoeningen → geen EX vragen !!! .............................................. 30
10. Nierbiopsie .........................................................................................................................30




1

,1. ALGEMENE INLEIDING

Stralingsbelasting




Substitutierecht
= recht dat radioloog heeft om een aangevraagd beeldvormend onderzoek te vervangen door een ander
onderzoek dat geschikter is volgens de richtlijnen voor goed medisch gebruik
→ radiologen in staat hun expertise te gebruiken om het meest optimale onderzoek (zoals RX, echo, CT of
MRI) uit te voeren om een diagnose te stellen


Onderzoeksmodaliteiten
 Conventionele radiologie
o Nier streek enkel – blaas streek enkel (N/BSE)
o Intraveneuze urografie (IVU)
→ niet veel meer gebruikt want veel stralingsbelasting
o Cystografie
 Echografie
 CT
 MRI
 (angiografie)
→ therapeutisch
 Hybride beeldvorming
→ nucleaire geneeskunde


2. UROLITHIASIS

→ nier-, ureter- en blaasstenen


3 plaatsen waar steen kan komen vast te zitten
 VUJ
= vesico-uretrale junctie




2

,  PUJ
→ pyelo-uretrale junctie
 Pevlische ureter
→ wnr je iliacale vaten overkruist


2.1 CONVENTIONELE RADIOLOGIE

Projectie-opnamen
 NSE
 BSE


Zichtbaarheid stenen
 > 90% stenen radio-opaak
→ zichtbaar op RX
o Calcium oxalaat calcium fosfaat 75%
o Struviet 10-15%
→ infectieus
 < 10 % radiolucent
→ niet zichtbaar op RX
o Urinezuur 5-10%
o Cystine – xanthine < 1 %
 Composiet (samengesteld) < 5 %
o Organisch materiaal
→ debris, proteïnen, Ca2+


Soorten stenen
 Koraalstenen
→ vorm v kelken systeem in pyelon
! zegt niets over chemische samenstelling
 Pyelumsteen




 Blaassteen
→ gelaagd uitzicht op RX




3

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