PASSED
firms that supply what is needed to create a product/service - Answers upstream partners of
supply chain
firms that connect the firm with its customers - Answers downstream partners of supply chain
set of independent organizations involved in the process of making a product/ service available
to the end user - Answers distribution channels
-Direct
-GDS
-OTAs
-Travel Agents (Tauck)
-Tour Wholesalers - Answers major hospitality distribution channels
serve casinos as intermediaries to bring in premium players - Answers junket reps
conflict between different levels of the same channel - Answers vertical conflict
conflict between firms at the same level of the channel (ex. Pizza Hut franchisees cheating on
ingredients and providing poor service; hurts overall image of Pizza Hut nationally - Answers
horizontal conflict
producers, retailers, & wholesalers acting as a unified system ('all under one umbrella') -
Answers Vertical Marketing Systems (VMSs)
-Administered VMS
-Corporate VMS
-Contractual VMS - Answers 3 types of VMSs
coordinates stages of production & distribution through the size and power of the parties;
leadership is assumed by one or a few dominant channel members - Answers administered
VMS
combines successive stages of production & distribution under single ownership - Answers
corporate VMS
consists of independent firms at different levels of production and distribution who join through
contracts (ex. franchising) - Answers contractual VMS