Praxis Art Content 5134 Exam Questions &
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Terms in this set (310)
Shape, color, form, texture, space, line, and value
Elements of Art
(Sam Couldn't Find The Small Lily Vase)
Emphasis, unity, contrast, rhythm, balance, pattern,
Principles of design and movement
(Elephants Unfortunately Can't Rap, But Pigs Might)
2D: Implied texture, space refers to composition
Elements and principles: 3D: Real texture, space refers to how the artist uses
2D vs. 3D the space in 3D, form describes the shape of the
artwork (width, depth, and height)
Texture Can be real or implied
Shapes Can be geometric or organic
Line Can be straight, broken, curved, implied, free-form
Can refer to foreground, middle ground, background,
Space positive space (subject), negative space (area around
subject)
Form Used in 3D art to describe the shape of the artwork
Balance Can be symmetrical or asymmetrical
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When elements are juxtaposed to create interesting
Contrast
differences (not just color)
Movement Uses elements to lead viewer throughout the piece
Emphasis Creates a focal point
Pattern Repeats elements in the same order
Rhythm Repeats elements without a specific order
Unity Harmony created by elements working together
Piet Mondrian mainly uses color, line, and shape in
Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue (1927). The
Example
Starry Night by van Gogh uses several principles,
including contrast, emphasis, balance, and movement.
The elements are the building blocks of visual art, and
the principles are ways to organize those elements.
Relationship of elements Artists can use some or all to create their artwork,
to principles explain their artistic decisions, or analyze another
artist's artwork. These are "established criteria that are
used to objectively judge artwork."
Term used to describe how
elements within a piece of art
can be placed in the most
Golden mean/ golden
aesthetically pleasing way,
ratio
based on math
Approximately 1 to 1.618
artist uses unnatural proportion or scale to depict the
Hierarchical organization
relative importance of the figures in the artwork
art technique for creating an illusion of 3D (depth and
Perspective
space) on a 2D (flat) surface
Viewpoint The position from where you view the scene
The imaginary horizontal line in the distance that is
Horizon Line
eye level
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Lines that come together (converge) at the vanishing
Vanishing Lines
point.
One point perspective One vanishing point along the horizon line
Two point perspective Two vanishing points on the horizon line
Use of distortion to create the illusion of an object
Foreshortening
extending into space
The effect of distance or atmosphere shown through
Atmospheric Perspective
haziness or changes in color
Placing two things closely together to emphasize
Juxtaposition
similarities or differences
Using pre-existing objects or images with little or no
Appropriation
transformation
Some artists take every day or found objects and
Transformation
transform them into something new
Contains silica and respiratory toxins that are too fine
and heavy to be expelled from the lungs. To avoid
Clay dust
lung damage, use only wet cleaning methods and
wear a mask
Some glazes may have lead in them, which is
hazardous to breathe, eat, or fire. Uranium is also
toxic. Additional materials can have dangerous fumes
or particles from normal use or from being fired.
Glaze hazards Toxic materials include antimony oxide, barium of any
form, beryllium, borax, cadmium, selenium, cobalt,
colemanite or gerstley borate, copper, chromium,
lustre preparations, manganese, nickel, potassium
dichromate, vanadium, zin, sulfides, chlorides,
fluorides, and to a lesser extent carbonates.
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1. Kilns need to be tested to make sure they are
ventilating correctly in classrooms.
2. Avoid storage of flammable materials near kilns.
Kiln dangers 3. If the lid latch fails for any reason, the lid falls shut
and could injure the person loading the kiln.
4. Staring into a white hot kiln to see the cones may
damage the eyes.
Lead pigments Used in some paints and glazes, but is hazardous
1. Children have a higher risk from chemicals and
exposure, so only buy non-toxic supplies intended for
children.
2. Don't use products with cautionary/warning labels.
3. Avoid solvents, solvent-based supplies, and
materials in self-pressurized containers.
5. Avoid acids, alkalis, bleaches, or corrosives.
6. Avoid products or processes that produce airborne
dusts which can be inhaled.
Safety label information: 7. Avoid old supplies, unlabeled supplies, and be wary
Under 12-years-old of donated supplies with cautionary/warning labels
and that do not contain the statement "Conforms to
ASTM D4236."
8. Avoid materials with lead, cadmium and other heavy
metals.
9. Avoid high-temperature hot glue guns; use low
temperature models.
10. Pay special attention to students with physical or
mental challenges, visual or hearing impairments, and
asthma or allergies.
1. Wash hands and other exposed body parts after
working, and before eating or using the bathroom.
2. Avoid using toluene, turpentine, kerosene, or other
Avoiding accidental
solvents to clean your skin.
exposure
3. Use soap and water or baby oil or a skin cleanser.
4. Wash under fingernails. Keep nails trim and do not
bite nails.
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