SHS 250 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND SOLVED ANSWERS
Phoneme definition - ans- sw sw swsw
smallest unit of sound that can distinguish from a morpheme
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Morpheme definition - ans-smallest unit of language that carries meaning
sw sw swsw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Morpheme examples - ans-dog, -s, -ed, pre-, mouth
sw sw swsw sw sw sw sw
Vowel reduction - ans-shortening or unstressing of a vowel
sw sw swsw sw sw sw sw sw
In vowel reduction, what is the MOST reduced vowel - ans-schwa
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw swsw
Diphthongs - ans-a vowel- sw swsw sw
like sound that serves as a syllable nucleus and involves a gradual transition from o
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
ne vowel to another
sw sw sw
Onglide - ans-the first vowel sound in a diphthong
sw swsw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Offglide - ans-the second/last vowel sound in a diphthong
sw swsw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Monophthongization - ans- sw swsw
alteration of a diphthong to a pure vowel; involves unstressing of the diphthong
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Allophones - ans- sw swsw
one of the sound variants of a specific phoneme, often used in a specific phonetic c
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
ontext
Complementary distribution - ans- sw sw swsw
Two or more allophones that occur in mutually exclusive phonetic contexts
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Free variation - ans-
sw sw swsw
allophones that may be exchanged for one another in a particular phonetic context-
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
not rule driven
sw sw sw
, How are complementary distribution and free variation different? - ans-
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw swsw
Free variation means the allophones are interchangeable, but complementary distrib
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
ution means the allophones are only used in certain contexts
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Coarticulation/assimilation - ans- sw swsw
overlapping of movements in the production of two or more sounds
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Anticipatory assimilation - ans- sw sw swsw
assimilation of one sound the prepare for the next one
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Example of anticipatory assimilation - ans-good bye --> gu bye
sw sw sw sw swsw sw sw sw sw
Retentive assimilation - ans- sw sw swsw
a feature of an earlier segment persists into the realization of a later segment
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Example of retentive assimilation - ans-
sw sw sw sw swsw
me (velopharynx still open for e) vs tea (velopharynx not open bc t is not a nasal so
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
und)
Another word for retentive assimilation - ans-regressive assumption
sw sw sw sw sw swsw sw
How are anticipatory and retentive assimilation different? - ans-Anticipatory -
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw swsw sw
the first sound changes Retentive - the second sound changes
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Spreading/shingling - ans-the characteristics permeate nearby sounds (input - sw swsw sw sw sw sw sw sw
> imput)
sw
Blending - ans-a word formed from 2 or more words (glamping, hangry,
sw swsw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Broad vs. narrow transcription - ans-
sw sw sw sw swsw
broad uses slashes (//) and no diacritic marks, only phonemes. narrow uses bracket
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
s ([ ]) and diacritics in addition to phonemes
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
IPA - ans-International Phonetic Alphabet
sw swsw sw sw
Minimal contrast/minimal pairs - ans-
sw sw sw swsw
a pair of morphemes or words that differ in pronunciation by only a single segment.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Minimal pairs are basic to the discovery of phonemes in a language.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
minimal pair examples - ans-dog/bog, rag/tag/hag/bag, bog/bot/bomb
sw sw sw swsw sw sw
3 systems of speech production - ans-respiratory, laryngeal, supralaryngeal
sw sw sw sw sw swsw sw sw
Respiratory system of speech production - ans-
sw sw sw sw sw swsw
lungs, trachea, rib cage, abdomen and associated muscles (pecs, diaphragm); soun
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
d SOURCE
sw
AND SOLVED ANSWERS
Phoneme definition - ans- sw sw swsw
smallest unit of sound that can distinguish from a morpheme
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Morpheme definition - ans-smallest unit of language that carries meaning
sw sw swsw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Morpheme examples - ans-dog, -s, -ed, pre-, mouth
sw sw swsw sw sw sw sw
Vowel reduction - ans-shortening or unstressing of a vowel
sw sw swsw sw sw sw sw sw
In vowel reduction, what is the MOST reduced vowel - ans-schwa
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw swsw
Diphthongs - ans-a vowel- sw swsw sw
like sound that serves as a syllable nucleus and involves a gradual transition from o
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
ne vowel to another
sw sw sw
Onglide - ans-the first vowel sound in a diphthong
sw swsw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Offglide - ans-the second/last vowel sound in a diphthong
sw swsw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Monophthongization - ans- sw swsw
alteration of a diphthong to a pure vowel; involves unstressing of the diphthong
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Allophones - ans- sw swsw
one of the sound variants of a specific phoneme, often used in a specific phonetic c
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
ontext
Complementary distribution - ans- sw sw swsw
Two or more allophones that occur in mutually exclusive phonetic contexts
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Free variation - ans-
sw sw swsw
allophones that may be exchanged for one another in a particular phonetic context-
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
not rule driven
sw sw sw
, How are complementary distribution and free variation different? - ans-
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw swsw
Free variation means the allophones are interchangeable, but complementary distrib
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
ution means the allophones are only used in certain contexts
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Coarticulation/assimilation - ans- sw swsw
overlapping of movements in the production of two or more sounds
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Anticipatory assimilation - ans- sw sw swsw
assimilation of one sound the prepare for the next one
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Example of anticipatory assimilation - ans-good bye --> gu bye
sw sw sw sw swsw sw sw sw sw
Retentive assimilation - ans- sw sw swsw
a feature of an earlier segment persists into the realization of a later segment
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Example of retentive assimilation - ans-
sw sw sw sw swsw
me (velopharynx still open for e) vs tea (velopharynx not open bc t is not a nasal so
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
und)
Another word for retentive assimilation - ans-regressive assumption
sw sw sw sw sw swsw sw
How are anticipatory and retentive assimilation different? - ans-Anticipatory -
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw swsw sw
the first sound changes Retentive - the second sound changes
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Spreading/shingling - ans-the characteristics permeate nearby sounds (input - sw swsw sw sw sw sw sw sw
> imput)
sw
Blending - ans-a word formed from 2 or more words (glamping, hangry,
sw swsw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Broad vs. narrow transcription - ans-
sw sw sw sw swsw
broad uses slashes (//) and no diacritic marks, only phonemes. narrow uses bracket
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
s ([ ]) and diacritics in addition to phonemes
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
IPA - ans-International Phonetic Alphabet
sw swsw sw sw
Minimal contrast/minimal pairs - ans-
sw sw sw swsw
a pair of morphemes or words that differ in pronunciation by only a single segment.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
Minimal pairs are basic to the discovery of phonemes in a language.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
minimal pair examples - ans-dog/bog, rag/tag/hag/bag, bog/bot/bomb
sw sw sw swsw sw sw
3 systems of speech production - ans-respiratory, laryngeal, supralaryngeal
sw sw sw sw sw swsw sw sw
Respiratory system of speech production - ans-
sw sw sw sw sw swsw
lungs, trachea, rib cage, abdomen and associated muscles (pecs, diaphragm); soun
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
d SOURCE
sw
