AKT Chapters 5-8
Comprehensive
Questions with Verified
Answers Graded A+
1. (T/F) Memories outlast the molecules that support the initial
synaptic changes Answer: true
2. PKMζ mRNA is
prevented from translation by a protein. Answer:
translator
repressor
3. Explain how PKMζ self-perpetuates. Answer: Once translated, PKMζ interacts with other
proteins to remove the translator repressor and thereby facilitates translation of PKMζ mRNA in
dendritic spines where it was initially translated.
4. (T/F) CaMKII does not have self-perpetuating properties. Answer: false
5. What is ZIP's function? Answer: ZIP functions as the missing inhibitory domain for PKMζ an
thus can return it
to an inactive, non-catalytic state in which it no longer can phosphorylate other proteins.
6. (T/F) PKMζ is perpetually active, and it self-perpetuates. Answer: true
7. (T/F) According Crick, even though memory molecules decay they
can be replaced in one at a time so that the existing structure can
survive. Answer: true
8. John Lisman's
candidate maintenance kinase was Answer: CaMKII
9. Describe the two general ways in which PKMζ maintains potentiation.
Answer: 1) It
facilitates the release of non-synaptic pools of GluA2 AMPA receptors for insertion into the PSD
2) it interferes with the endocytic cycle that normally removes these receptors from the synapse.
10. maintains memories by interfering with endocytic
removal of GluA2 receptors. Answer: PKMζ
,11. (T/F) A crucial experiment by Sacktor's group (Tsokas et al.,
2016) revealed that antisense to PKMζ erased LTP in the wildtype and
but not the PKCι/λ. Mutant mouse. Answer: true
12. How is PKMζ different from PKC? Answer: It lacks an inhibitory domain, so once
translated it is persistently
active, and it does not require a second messenger to become active.
13. If ZIP
applied to the slice 5hours after LTP is induced it will
LTP Answer: reverse
14. (T/F) ZIP prevents late stage LTP but not initial induction. Answer:
false
15. (T/F) ZIP prevents GluA2 AMPA receptors from being trafficked
into the PSD. Answer: false
16. (T/F) ZIP is to PKMζ as the catalytic unit is to PKC. Answer: true
17. An actin cytoskeleton is critical to memory maintenance
Answer: enlarged
, 18. (T/F) Potentiated synapses endure because there is no pressure to
return to their basal unpotentiated state. Answer: false
19. The kinase can maintain LTP in the absence of PKMζ
Answer: PKCι/λ
20. If the gene for PKMζ is
deleted LTP will be maintained. Answer: not
21. PKMζ is translated . Answer: locally in the dendritic spin
22. At the synaptic level, how does ZIP reverse LTP maintenance? Answer:
By removing GluA2
receptors from the PSD.
23. (T/F) Interfering with a memory maintenance molecule 24 hours
after the memory is formed should have no effect on the ability to
retrieve the memo- ry. Answer: false
24. (T/F) PKMζ is the only "memory maintenance" molecule. Answe
false
25. Genomic signaling processes can contribute to memory
maintenance be- cause Answer: proteins including PKMζ ultimately degrade and will need to
be replaced
26. Kinases such as require a second messenger
(SM) to become active. PKMζ has no so it does not require a
second messenger to be catalytic and it is . Answer: PKC; inhibitory
domain; perpetually active
27. (T/F) Even though CaMKII has self-perpetuating properties this
kinase does not appear to be a memory maintenance molecule. Answer:
true
28. What is the molecular turnover problem? Answer: How can memories outlast
the molecules that
initially produce them?
29. PKMζ serves three
general functions. They are , , and
Answer: release pools of GluA2s, inhibit GluA2 endocytosis, and clusters PSD-95
30. What was Crick's solution to the molecular turn over problem? Answer:
Molecules in synapses interact in such a way that they can be replaced with new material, one at a time,
without altering the overall state of the structure
31. An enlarged spine supports LTP maintenance because Answer: 1.)
Comprehensive
Questions with Verified
Answers Graded A+
1. (T/F) Memories outlast the molecules that support the initial
synaptic changes Answer: true
2. PKMζ mRNA is
prevented from translation by a protein. Answer:
translator
repressor
3. Explain how PKMζ self-perpetuates. Answer: Once translated, PKMζ interacts with other
proteins to remove the translator repressor and thereby facilitates translation of PKMζ mRNA in
dendritic spines where it was initially translated.
4. (T/F) CaMKII does not have self-perpetuating properties. Answer: false
5. What is ZIP's function? Answer: ZIP functions as the missing inhibitory domain for PKMζ an
thus can return it
to an inactive, non-catalytic state in which it no longer can phosphorylate other proteins.
6. (T/F) PKMζ is perpetually active, and it self-perpetuates. Answer: true
7. (T/F) According Crick, even though memory molecules decay they
can be replaced in one at a time so that the existing structure can
survive. Answer: true
8. John Lisman's
candidate maintenance kinase was Answer: CaMKII
9. Describe the two general ways in which PKMζ maintains potentiation.
Answer: 1) It
facilitates the release of non-synaptic pools of GluA2 AMPA receptors for insertion into the PSD
2) it interferes with the endocytic cycle that normally removes these receptors from the synapse.
10. maintains memories by interfering with endocytic
removal of GluA2 receptors. Answer: PKMζ
,11. (T/F) A crucial experiment by Sacktor's group (Tsokas et al.,
2016) revealed that antisense to PKMζ erased LTP in the wildtype and
but not the PKCι/λ. Mutant mouse. Answer: true
12. How is PKMζ different from PKC? Answer: It lacks an inhibitory domain, so once
translated it is persistently
active, and it does not require a second messenger to become active.
13. If ZIP
applied to the slice 5hours after LTP is induced it will
LTP Answer: reverse
14. (T/F) ZIP prevents late stage LTP but not initial induction. Answer:
false
15. (T/F) ZIP prevents GluA2 AMPA receptors from being trafficked
into the PSD. Answer: false
16. (T/F) ZIP is to PKMζ as the catalytic unit is to PKC. Answer: true
17. An actin cytoskeleton is critical to memory maintenance
Answer: enlarged
, 18. (T/F) Potentiated synapses endure because there is no pressure to
return to their basal unpotentiated state. Answer: false
19. The kinase can maintain LTP in the absence of PKMζ
Answer: PKCι/λ
20. If the gene for PKMζ is
deleted LTP will be maintained. Answer: not
21. PKMζ is translated . Answer: locally in the dendritic spin
22. At the synaptic level, how does ZIP reverse LTP maintenance? Answer:
By removing GluA2
receptors from the PSD.
23. (T/F) Interfering with a memory maintenance molecule 24 hours
after the memory is formed should have no effect on the ability to
retrieve the memo- ry. Answer: false
24. (T/F) PKMζ is the only "memory maintenance" molecule. Answe
false
25. Genomic signaling processes can contribute to memory
maintenance be- cause Answer: proteins including PKMζ ultimately degrade and will need to
be replaced
26. Kinases such as require a second messenger
(SM) to become active. PKMζ has no so it does not require a
second messenger to be catalytic and it is . Answer: PKC; inhibitory
domain; perpetually active
27. (T/F) Even though CaMKII has self-perpetuating properties this
kinase does not appear to be a memory maintenance molecule. Answer:
true
28. What is the molecular turnover problem? Answer: How can memories outlast
the molecules that
initially produce them?
29. PKMζ serves three
general functions. They are , , and
Answer: release pools of GluA2s, inhibit GluA2 endocytosis, and clusters PSD-95
30. What was Crick's solution to the molecular turn over problem? Answer:
Molecules in synapses interact in such a way that they can be replaced with new material, one at a time,
without altering the overall state of the structure
31. An enlarged spine supports LTP maintenance because Answer: 1.)
