UAMS IMMUNOLOGY EXAM 5 REVIEW VIROLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026

UAMS IMMUNOLOGY EXAM 5 REVIEW VIROLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026 Virus - Answers Submicroscopic particles; obligate intracellular parasites that require living cells to replicate Genome - Answers Either RNA or DNA Capsid - Answers protein shell that encloses the viral genome Capsomere - Answers subunit of the capsid Neucleocapsid - Answers capsid with enclosed genome Viral envelope - Answers A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome. Virion - Answers a fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection in a host cell Viral infection mechanism - Answers Attachment Penetration Uncoating Transcription Translation Assembly Budding release Classification of viruses - Answers Type of nucleic acid and configuration; viral replication, virion Virus major routes into the body - Answers Mucous membranes, skin, inhalation Laboratory detection of viruses - Answers serology, electron microscopy, cytology, antigen detection, cell culture, and molecular testing Viral serology - Answers detection of patient antibodies to the virus. IgM tests detect recent infections Viral electron microscopy - Answers -Viruses are sufficiently unique in a structure that they can be differentiated into families as genes viral cytology - Answers Tznack prep; FIA Tznack Prep - Answers Host cells are stained with dyes and observed for characteristic morphology FIA - Answers Staining is more sensitive that dye based staining Viral antigen detection - Answers Immunofluorescence; enzyme immunoassay, latex agglutination, and rapid immunochromatographic membrane assay optical immunoassay - Answers Silicon wafers coated with ABY + Virus; produce refection change in wafer Hemadsorption - Answers Viral AGNs that agglutinate RBCs, Guinea pig RBCs + infected cells = ring RBCs around infected cells; viruses ID'ed using fluorescent-labeled ABY Viral antigen detection methods are used for - Answers screening; have lower sensitivities; negative results should be confirmed with cell culture, IFA, or molecular testing Viral cell culture - Answers Gold standard; requires living cells that are kept moist and supplied with nutrients by keeping them continuously immersed in cell culture medium Primary cell culture - Answers Usually tissue from animal PMK; divides only once or twice diploid cell culture - Answers Divide but limited to 50 generations; uses human neonatal lung or rabbit kidney Continuous cell culture - Answers Capable of indefinite passages Cell culture cytopathic effect - Answers Physical changes in appearance of cells due to presence of viral growth; viruses have distinct CPEs Herpes simplex on cell culture - Answers Positive on HDF; Hep2; A549; RK. CPE is large, rounded cells Cytomegalovirus on cell culture - Answers Positive in HDF. CPE is large, rounded cells Varicella-zoster on cell culture - Answers positive in HDF and maybe on A549. CPE is Foci or rounded cells, possible syncytia Enterovirus on cell culture - Answers Positive in PMK, HDF, Hep2, A549. CPE is retractile, round cells in clusters Adenovirus on cell culture - Answers Positive in PMK, HDF, Hep2, and A549. CPE is large, rounded cells in clusters RSV on cell culture - Answers maybe positive in PMK. Positive in HDF, Hep2 and A549, CPE is Syncytia