NR507 – Advanced Pathophysiology Week 4 Edapt Urinary
System Pathologies & Disorders | Actual Exam Questions and
Verified Solutions - Chamberlain
NR507 Week 4 edapt: Urinary System Pathologies: Common Diseases
and Disorders Urinary Tract Inƒections/ Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy/
Renal Calculi/ Urinary Incontinence/ Acute Kidney Injury/ Chronic
Kidney Disease
Urinary Tract Inƒections
,Upper UTIs occur in organs that are above the urinary bladder and
include ureter inƒections and pyelonephritis (kidney inƒection).
Cystitis (bladder inƒection), urethritis (inƒection oƒ the urethra), and
prostatitis (inƒection oƒ the prostate) occur in the lower urinary tract.
,Pathophysiology oƒ Urinary Tract Inƒections
The most common organisms that cause urinary tract inƒection (UTI)
are Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus
mirabilis, and Klebsiella. E. coli causes approximately 80% oƒ the
cases oƒ UTI as it is the most common organism contained in ƒecal
matter that is easily accessible ƒrom the anus to the urethra.
???The sequence oƒ events starts with the bacteria entering the
urethra and end with the client having symptoms oƒ inƒection. The
correct order is:
1. Bacteria enter the lower urinary tract
2. An inƒlammatory response is triggered
3. Neutrophils arrive
4. Bacteria continue to multiply
5. Bioƒilm ƒorms
6. Bacteria adhere to the bladder wall
7. Client experiences pain with urination
Urinary Tract Inƒection Clinical Maniƒestations
1. Ƒrequent Urination: Increased urge to urinate, oƒten with the ƒeeling oƒ incomplete
emptying is associated with a bladder inƒection due to inƒlammation oƒ the bladder and
urethra.
2. Painƒul Urination: Discomƒort or a burning sensation during urination is
associated with inƒlammation oƒ the bladder and urethra (lower UTI).
3. Urgency: A sudden and intense need to urinate is associated with inƒlammation oƒ the
bladder and urethra (lower UTI).
4. Lower Abdominal Discomƒort: Pain or pressure in the lower abdomen can be
caused by an inƒection anywhere in the urinary tract.
, 5. Pelvic Pain: Pain in the pelvic area is associated with a bladder inƒection, especially in
women with a bladder inƒection.
6. Cloudy or Strong-Smelling Urine: Changes in the appearance or odor oƒ
urine can be caused by an inƒection anywhere in the urinary tract.
7. Blood in Urine (Hematuria): The presence oƒ blood, giving the urine a pink or
reddish color can be caused by an inƒection anywhere in the urinary tract.
8. Ƒever: In some cases, a UTI can be accompanied by a systemic ƒever.
9. Back Pain: Pain in the lower back is associated with an inƒection in the kidneys.
Assessment ƒor pain or tenderness at the costovertebral angle (CVA) can increase
both pain and inƒlammation and should be part oƒ a routine assessment.
10. Ƒatigue: Ƒeeling tired or generally unwell can be caused by an inƒection
anywhere in the urinary tract.
11. Discomƒort or Pain During Sex: Women with bladder or urethra inƒections may
experience pain or discomƒort during sexual activity.
Symptoms oƒ inƒection, including ƒatigue, bacteria in the urine, and an
elevated temperature, may be present ƒor any inƒection, including lower
UTI, upper UTI, and STI. Note: The presence oƒ bacteria in the urine
ƒrom an STI may indicate contamination oƒ the urine sample.
Ƒoul smelling urine and painƒul urination can be present with both lower
and upper UTI.
Pelvic pain is more likely to be present in a ƒemale with a lower UTI
or STI. An urgency to void is associated with lower UTI.
System Pathologies & Disorders | Actual Exam Questions and
Verified Solutions - Chamberlain
NR507 Week 4 edapt: Urinary System Pathologies: Common Diseases
and Disorders Urinary Tract Inƒections/ Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy/
Renal Calculi/ Urinary Incontinence/ Acute Kidney Injury/ Chronic
Kidney Disease
Urinary Tract Inƒections
,Upper UTIs occur in organs that are above the urinary bladder and
include ureter inƒections and pyelonephritis (kidney inƒection).
Cystitis (bladder inƒection), urethritis (inƒection oƒ the urethra), and
prostatitis (inƒection oƒ the prostate) occur in the lower urinary tract.
,Pathophysiology oƒ Urinary Tract Inƒections
The most common organisms that cause urinary tract inƒection (UTI)
are Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus
mirabilis, and Klebsiella. E. coli causes approximately 80% oƒ the
cases oƒ UTI as it is the most common organism contained in ƒecal
matter that is easily accessible ƒrom the anus to the urethra.
???The sequence oƒ events starts with the bacteria entering the
urethra and end with the client having symptoms oƒ inƒection. The
correct order is:
1. Bacteria enter the lower urinary tract
2. An inƒlammatory response is triggered
3. Neutrophils arrive
4. Bacteria continue to multiply
5. Bioƒilm ƒorms
6. Bacteria adhere to the bladder wall
7. Client experiences pain with urination
Urinary Tract Inƒection Clinical Maniƒestations
1. Ƒrequent Urination: Increased urge to urinate, oƒten with the ƒeeling oƒ incomplete
emptying is associated with a bladder inƒection due to inƒlammation oƒ the bladder and
urethra.
2. Painƒul Urination: Discomƒort or a burning sensation during urination is
associated with inƒlammation oƒ the bladder and urethra (lower UTI).
3. Urgency: A sudden and intense need to urinate is associated with inƒlammation oƒ the
bladder and urethra (lower UTI).
4. Lower Abdominal Discomƒort: Pain or pressure in the lower abdomen can be
caused by an inƒection anywhere in the urinary tract.
, 5. Pelvic Pain: Pain in the pelvic area is associated with a bladder inƒection, especially in
women with a bladder inƒection.
6. Cloudy or Strong-Smelling Urine: Changes in the appearance or odor oƒ
urine can be caused by an inƒection anywhere in the urinary tract.
7. Blood in Urine (Hematuria): The presence oƒ blood, giving the urine a pink or
reddish color can be caused by an inƒection anywhere in the urinary tract.
8. Ƒever: In some cases, a UTI can be accompanied by a systemic ƒever.
9. Back Pain: Pain in the lower back is associated with an inƒection in the kidneys.
Assessment ƒor pain or tenderness at the costovertebral angle (CVA) can increase
both pain and inƒlammation and should be part oƒ a routine assessment.
10. Ƒatigue: Ƒeeling tired or generally unwell can be caused by an inƒection
anywhere in the urinary tract.
11. Discomƒort or Pain During Sex: Women with bladder or urethra inƒections may
experience pain or discomƒort during sexual activity.
Symptoms oƒ inƒection, including ƒatigue, bacteria in the urine, and an
elevated temperature, may be present ƒor any inƒection, including lower
UTI, upper UTI, and STI. Note: The presence oƒ bacteria in the urine
ƒrom an STI may indicate contamination oƒ the urine sample.
Ƒoul smelling urine and painƒul urination can be present with both lower
and upper UTI.
Pelvic pain is more likely to be present in a ƒemale with a lower UTI
or STI. An urgency to void is associated with lower UTI.
