Pharmacology Evolve HESI Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
A |19-year-old |male |client |who |has |sustained |a |severe |head |injury |is |intubated |and |placed |on |
assisted |mechanical |ventilation. |To |facilitate |optimal |ventilation |and |prevent |the |client |from
|"fighting" |the |ventilator, |the |health |care |provider |administers |pancuronium |bromide |IV, |with |
adjunctive |opioid |analgesia. |What |medication |should |be |immediately |accessible |for |a |potential
|complication |with |this |drug?
A. |Dantrolene |sodium
B. |Neostigmine |bromide
C. |Succinylcholine |bromide
D. |Epinephrine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-B. |Neostigmine |bromide
Neostigmine |bromide |and |atropine |sulfate, |both |anticholinergic |drugs, |reverse |the |respiratory |
muscle |paralysis |caused |by |pancuronium |bromide. |Options |A, |C, |and |D |are |not |antagonists |to |
pancuronium |bromide |and |would |not |be |helpful |in |reversing |the |effects |of |the |drug |compared
|with |the |use |of |anticholinergics.
A |client |with |viral |influenza |is |receiving |vitamin |C, |1000 |mg |PO |daily, |and |acetaminophen |
elixir, |650 |mg |PO |every |4 |hours |PRN. |The |nurse |calls |the |health |care |provider |to |report |that |
the |client |has |developed |diarrhea. |Which |change |in |prescriptions |should |the |nurse |anticipate?
A. |Change |the |acetaminophen |to |ibuprofen.
B. |Change |the |elixir |to |an |injectable |route.
C. |Decrease |the |dose |of |vitamin |C.
,D. |Begin |treatment |with |an |antibiotic. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-C. |Decrease |the |dose |of |
vitamin |C.
When |providing |nursing |care |for |a |client |receiving |pyridostigmine |bromide |for |myasthenia |
gravis, |which |nursing |intervention |has |the |highest |priority?
A. |Monitor |the |client |frequently |for |urinary |retention.
B. |Assess |respiratory |status |and |breath |sounds |often.
C. |Monitor |blood |pressure |each |shift |to |screen |for |hypertension.
D. |Administer |most |medications |after |meals |to |decrease |gastrointestinal |irritation. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-B. |Assess |respiratory |status |and |breath |sounds |often.
A |client |with |a |dislocated |shoulder |is |being |prepared |for |a |closed |manual |reduction |using |
conscious |sedation. |Which |medication |should |the |nurse |explain |as |a |sedative |used |during |the |
procedure?
A.Inhaled |nitrous |oxide
B.Midazolam |IV
C.Ketamine |IM
D.Fentanyl |and |droperidol |IM |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-B. |Midazolam |IV
A |client |is |being |discharged |with |a |prescription |for |sulfasalazine |to |treat |ulcerative |colitis. |
Which |instruction |should |the |nurse |provide |to |this |client |prior |to |discharge?
A. |Maintain |good |oral |hygiene.
B. |Take |the |medication |30 |minutes |before |a |meal.
C. |Discontinue |use |of |the |drug |gradually.
,D. |Drink |at |least |eight |glasses |of |fluid |a |day. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-D. |Drink |at |least |eight |
glasses |of |fluid |a |day.
The |health |care |provider |prescribes |carbamazepine |for |a |child |whose |tonic-clonic |seizures |
have |been |poorly |controlled. |The |nurse |informs |the |mother |that |the |child |must |have |blood |
tests |every |week. |The |mother |asks |why |so |many |blood |tests |are |necessary. |Which |
complication |is |assessed |through |frequent |laboratory |testing |that |the |nurse |should |explain |to |
this |mother?
A. |Nephrotoxicity
B. |Ototoxicity
C. |Myelosuppression
D.Hepatotoxicity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-C. |Myelosuppression
Myelosuppression |is |the |highest |priority |complication |that |can |potentially |affect |clients |
managed |with |carbamazepine |therapy. |The |client |requires |close |monitoring |for |this |condition |
by |weekly |laboratory |testing. |Hepatic |function |may |be |altered, |but |this |complication |does |not |
have |as |great |a |potential |for |occurrence |as |option |C. |Options |A |and |B |are |not |typical |
complications |of |carbamazepine |therapy.
When |developing |a |written |nursing |care |plan |for |a |client |receiving |chemotherapy |for |
treatment |of |cancer, |the |nurse |writes, |"Assess |each |voiding |for |hematuria." |The |administration
|of |which |type |of |chemotherapeutic |agent |would |prompt |the |nurse |to |add |this |intervention?
A. |Vincristine
B. |Bleomycin |sulfate
C. |Chlorambucil
D. |Cyclophosphamide |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-D. |Cyclophosphamide
, Hemorrhagic |cystitis |is |the |characteristic |adverse |reaction |of |cyclophosphamide. |
Administration |of |options |A, |B, |and |C |does |not |typically |cause |hemorrhagic |cystitis.
A |client |is |receiving |oral |griseofulvin |for |a |persistent |tinea |corporis |infection. |Which |response |
by |the |client |indicates |an |accurate |understanding |of |the |drug |teaching |conducted |by |the |
nurse?
A. |"I'll |wear |sunscreen |whenever |I |mow |the |lawn."
B. |"This |is |the |worse |bacterial |infection |I've |ever |had."
C. |"I |will |need |to |take |the |medication |for |7 |days."
D. |"My |urine |will |probably |turn |brown |due |to |this |drug." |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A. |"I'll |wear |
sunscreen |whenever |I |mow |the |lawn."
Photosensitivity |is |a |side |effect |of |griseofulvin, |so |clients |should |be |cautioned |to |wear |
protective |sunscreen |during |sun |exposure. |Options |B, |C, |and |D |are |not |accurate |statements |
about |side |effects |of |this |medication.
A |6-year-old |child |is |admitted |to |the |emergency |department |with |status |epilepticus. |His |
parents |report |that |his |seizure |disorder |has |been |managed |with |phenytoin, |50 |mg |PO |bid, |for |
the |past |year. |Which |drug |should |the |nurse |plan |to |administer |in |the |emergency |department?
A. |Phenytoin
B. |Diazepam
C. |Phenobarbital
D. |Carbamazepine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-B. |Diazepam
Diazepam |is |the |drug |of |choice |for |treatment |of |status |epilepticus. |Options |A, |C, |and |D |are |
used |for |the |long-term |management |of |seizure |disorders |but |are |not |as |useful |in |the |
emergency |management |of |status |epilepticus.
With Correct Answers
A |19-year-old |male |client |who |has |sustained |a |severe |head |injury |is |intubated |and |placed |on |
assisted |mechanical |ventilation. |To |facilitate |optimal |ventilation |and |prevent |the |client |from
|"fighting" |the |ventilator, |the |health |care |provider |administers |pancuronium |bromide |IV, |with |
adjunctive |opioid |analgesia. |What |medication |should |be |immediately |accessible |for |a |potential
|complication |with |this |drug?
A. |Dantrolene |sodium
B. |Neostigmine |bromide
C. |Succinylcholine |bromide
D. |Epinephrine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-B. |Neostigmine |bromide
Neostigmine |bromide |and |atropine |sulfate, |both |anticholinergic |drugs, |reverse |the |respiratory |
muscle |paralysis |caused |by |pancuronium |bromide. |Options |A, |C, |and |D |are |not |antagonists |to |
pancuronium |bromide |and |would |not |be |helpful |in |reversing |the |effects |of |the |drug |compared
|with |the |use |of |anticholinergics.
A |client |with |viral |influenza |is |receiving |vitamin |C, |1000 |mg |PO |daily, |and |acetaminophen |
elixir, |650 |mg |PO |every |4 |hours |PRN. |The |nurse |calls |the |health |care |provider |to |report |that |
the |client |has |developed |diarrhea. |Which |change |in |prescriptions |should |the |nurse |anticipate?
A. |Change |the |acetaminophen |to |ibuprofen.
B. |Change |the |elixir |to |an |injectable |route.
C. |Decrease |the |dose |of |vitamin |C.
,D. |Begin |treatment |with |an |antibiotic. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-C. |Decrease |the |dose |of |
vitamin |C.
When |providing |nursing |care |for |a |client |receiving |pyridostigmine |bromide |for |myasthenia |
gravis, |which |nursing |intervention |has |the |highest |priority?
A. |Monitor |the |client |frequently |for |urinary |retention.
B. |Assess |respiratory |status |and |breath |sounds |often.
C. |Monitor |blood |pressure |each |shift |to |screen |for |hypertension.
D. |Administer |most |medications |after |meals |to |decrease |gastrointestinal |irritation. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-B. |Assess |respiratory |status |and |breath |sounds |often.
A |client |with |a |dislocated |shoulder |is |being |prepared |for |a |closed |manual |reduction |using |
conscious |sedation. |Which |medication |should |the |nurse |explain |as |a |sedative |used |during |the |
procedure?
A.Inhaled |nitrous |oxide
B.Midazolam |IV
C.Ketamine |IM
D.Fentanyl |and |droperidol |IM |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-B. |Midazolam |IV
A |client |is |being |discharged |with |a |prescription |for |sulfasalazine |to |treat |ulcerative |colitis. |
Which |instruction |should |the |nurse |provide |to |this |client |prior |to |discharge?
A. |Maintain |good |oral |hygiene.
B. |Take |the |medication |30 |minutes |before |a |meal.
C. |Discontinue |use |of |the |drug |gradually.
,D. |Drink |at |least |eight |glasses |of |fluid |a |day. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-D. |Drink |at |least |eight |
glasses |of |fluid |a |day.
The |health |care |provider |prescribes |carbamazepine |for |a |child |whose |tonic-clonic |seizures |
have |been |poorly |controlled. |The |nurse |informs |the |mother |that |the |child |must |have |blood |
tests |every |week. |The |mother |asks |why |so |many |blood |tests |are |necessary. |Which |
complication |is |assessed |through |frequent |laboratory |testing |that |the |nurse |should |explain |to |
this |mother?
A. |Nephrotoxicity
B. |Ototoxicity
C. |Myelosuppression
D.Hepatotoxicity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-C. |Myelosuppression
Myelosuppression |is |the |highest |priority |complication |that |can |potentially |affect |clients |
managed |with |carbamazepine |therapy. |The |client |requires |close |monitoring |for |this |condition |
by |weekly |laboratory |testing. |Hepatic |function |may |be |altered, |but |this |complication |does |not |
have |as |great |a |potential |for |occurrence |as |option |C. |Options |A |and |B |are |not |typical |
complications |of |carbamazepine |therapy.
When |developing |a |written |nursing |care |plan |for |a |client |receiving |chemotherapy |for |
treatment |of |cancer, |the |nurse |writes, |"Assess |each |voiding |for |hematuria." |The |administration
|of |which |type |of |chemotherapeutic |agent |would |prompt |the |nurse |to |add |this |intervention?
A. |Vincristine
B. |Bleomycin |sulfate
C. |Chlorambucil
D. |Cyclophosphamide |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-D. |Cyclophosphamide
, Hemorrhagic |cystitis |is |the |characteristic |adverse |reaction |of |cyclophosphamide. |
Administration |of |options |A, |B, |and |C |does |not |typically |cause |hemorrhagic |cystitis.
A |client |is |receiving |oral |griseofulvin |for |a |persistent |tinea |corporis |infection. |Which |response |
by |the |client |indicates |an |accurate |understanding |of |the |drug |teaching |conducted |by |the |
nurse?
A. |"I'll |wear |sunscreen |whenever |I |mow |the |lawn."
B. |"This |is |the |worse |bacterial |infection |I've |ever |had."
C. |"I |will |need |to |take |the |medication |for |7 |days."
D. |"My |urine |will |probably |turn |brown |due |to |this |drug." |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A. |"I'll |wear |
sunscreen |whenever |I |mow |the |lawn."
Photosensitivity |is |a |side |effect |of |griseofulvin, |so |clients |should |be |cautioned |to |wear |
protective |sunscreen |during |sun |exposure. |Options |B, |C, |and |D |are |not |accurate |statements |
about |side |effects |of |this |medication.
A |6-year-old |child |is |admitted |to |the |emergency |department |with |status |epilepticus. |His |
parents |report |that |his |seizure |disorder |has |been |managed |with |phenytoin, |50 |mg |PO |bid, |for |
the |past |year. |Which |drug |should |the |nurse |plan |to |administer |in |the |emergency |department?
A. |Phenytoin
B. |Diazepam
C. |Phenobarbital
D. |Carbamazepine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-B. |Diazepam
Diazepam |is |the |drug |of |choice |for |treatment |of |status |epilepticus. |Options |A, |C, |and |D |are |
used |for |the |long-term |management |of |seizure |disorders |but |are |not |as |useful |in |the |
emergency |management |of |status |epilepticus.
