1
ATIRNPHARMACOLOGYPROCTOREDEXAM
LATESTUPDATE2025/2026,
Examsof
Pharmacol
ogy
Whatlabval
uesshouldanursemoni
torf
ora
pat
ientwi
thchr
onicrenal
fai
l
ure?-
ANSWER••
URI
NALYSI
S
Hematuri
a,pr
otei
nur
ia,
andal
t
erat
i
onsi
n
s
pecif
icgravi
t
y
Ser
umcr
eat
i
nine
-Gr
aduali
ncreaseof1to2mg/
dLperever
y24
t
o48hrforacuterenal
f
ail
ure(
ARF)
-Graduali
ncreaseovermont
hst
oyear
sfor
chr
onicrenal
fail
ure(
CRF)
ex
ceedi
ng4mg/
dL
,2
BLOODUREANI
TROGEN(
BUN)
-80t
o100mg/
dLwi
t
hin1weekwi
t
hARF
-Graduali
ncreas
ewit
helevat
edser
um
cr
eati
nineovermont
hstoyear
sfor
CRF
-180-
200mg/
dLwi
t
h(CRF)
SERUM ELECTROLYTES
-Decr
easedsodi
um(
dil
uti
onal
)andcal
ci
um,
i
ncr
easedpot
assi
um,
phos
phor
us,
andmagnes
ium
COMPLETEBLOODCOUNT(
CBC)
-Decr
eas
edhemogl
obi
n
Whatf oods houldyouincr
easewhent aki
ng
Furosemi de?-ANSWER••- i
ncr
eased
amount sofpotas s
ium-ri
chfoods(e.
g.,bananas
,
prunes,raisi
ns,andorangejui
ce)
,3
Pati
entreport
sIVdi
scomf
ort
,whati
syourf
ir
st
acti
on?-ANSWER••As sesscol
orand
temperatur
e
Sumat r
ipt
an(tr
eatsmigrai
neheadaches)
adverseeff
ect-ANSWER••pai n,ti
ghtness,
pressur
e,orheavi
nessintheches
t,t
hroat,neck,
and/orj
aw
s
lowordi
ff
icul
tspeech
KnowaboutTr
ans
der
malpatch-ANSWER••-
• Appl
yatt
hesamet
imeonceeachday
,
pr
efer
abl
yint
hemor
ning.
Keeppat
chon
f
or12t
o14hreachday
.
• Remov
ethepat
chatni
ghtt
oreduce
, 4
t
her
iskofdev
elopi
ngt
oler
ancet
o
ni
t
rogl
ycer
in.
Bemedi
cat
i
on-
freea
mi
ni
mumof10t
o12hreachday(
usual
l
y
atni
ght
).
• Donotcutpat
chest
oens
ureappr
opr
iat
e
dos
age.
• Pl
acet
hepat
chonahai
rl
essar
eaofs
kin
(
ches
t,back,
orabdomen)andr
otat
esi
t
es
t
opr
events
kini
rr
it
ati
on.
• Was
hski
nwi
t
hsoapandwat
eranddr
y
t
hor
oughl
ybef
oreappl
yi
ngnewpat
ch.
RBCBloodt
ransfus
ion-ANSWER••pri
me
wit
hnormal
sali
neandinf
usewi
t
hsodi
um
chl
ori
deonl
y
ATIRNPHARMACOLOGYPROCTOREDEXAM
LATESTUPDATE2025/2026,
Examsof
Pharmacol
ogy
Whatlabval
uesshouldanursemoni
torf
ora
pat
ientwi
thchr
onicrenal
fai
l
ure?-
ANSWER••
URI
NALYSI
S
Hematuri
a,pr
otei
nur
ia,
andal
t
erat
i
onsi
n
s
pecif
icgravi
t
y
Ser
umcr
eat
i
nine
-Gr
aduali
ncreaseof1to2mg/
dLperever
y24
t
o48hrforacuterenal
f
ail
ure(
ARF)
-Graduali
ncreaseovermont
hst
oyear
sfor
chr
onicrenal
fail
ure(
CRF)
ex
ceedi
ng4mg/
dL
,2
BLOODUREANI
TROGEN(
BUN)
-80t
o100mg/
dLwi
t
hin1weekwi
t
hARF
-Graduali
ncreas
ewit
helevat
edser
um
cr
eati
nineovermont
hstoyear
sfor
CRF
-180-
200mg/
dLwi
t
h(CRF)
SERUM ELECTROLYTES
-Decr
easedsodi
um(
dil
uti
onal
)andcal
ci
um,
i
ncr
easedpot
assi
um,
phos
phor
us,
andmagnes
ium
COMPLETEBLOODCOUNT(
CBC)
-Decr
eas
edhemogl
obi
n
Whatf oods houldyouincr
easewhent aki
ng
Furosemi de?-ANSWER••- i
ncr
eased
amount sofpotas s
ium-ri
chfoods(e.
g.,bananas
,
prunes,raisi
ns,andorangejui
ce)
,3
Pati
entreport
sIVdi
scomf
ort
,whati
syourf
ir
st
acti
on?-ANSWER••As sesscol
orand
temperatur
e
Sumat r
ipt
an(tr
eatsmigrai
neheadaches)
adverseeff
ect-ANSWER••pai n,ti
ghtness,
pressur
e,orheavi
nessintheches
t,t
hroat,neck,
and/orj
aw
s
lowordi
ff
icul
tspeech
KnowaboutTr
ans
der
malpatch-ANSWER••-
• Appl
yatt
hesamet
imeonceeachday
,
pr
efer
abl
yint
hemor
ning.
Keeppat
chon
f
or12t
o14hreachday
.
• Remov
ethepat
chatni
ghtt
oreduce
, 4
t
her
iskofdev
elopi
ngt
oler
ancet
o
ni
t
rogl
ycer
in.
Bemedi
cat
i
on-
freea
mi
ni
mumof10t
o12hreachday(
usual
l
y
atni
ght
).
• Donotcutpat
chest
oens
ureappr
opr
iat
e
dos
age.
• Pl
acet
hepat
chonahai
rl
essar
eaofs
kin
(
ches
t,back,
orabdomen)andr
otat
esi
t
es
t
opr
events
kini
rr
it
ati
on.
• Was
hski
nwi
t
hsoapandwat
eranddr
y
t
hor
oughl
ybef
oreappl
yi
ngnewpat
ch.
RBCBloodt
ransfus
ion-ANSWER••pri
me
wit
hnormal
sali
neandinf
usewi
t
hsodi
um
chl
ori
deonl
y
