HDFS 401 KEY EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
development - CORRECT ANSWERS changes in an individual's characteristics (physical,
cognitive, social) due to biologically programmed processes and social influences
socialization - CORRECT ANSWERS the way in which individuals are assisted in becoming
members of one of more social groups
traditional model of development - CORRECT ANSWERS mom is the main source of social
influence and the direction goes straight from her to the child. The context and the
characteristics of the child play no role in the effect of the influence
ecological model of development - CORRECT ANSWERS the whole environment influences
social development. The direction of influence goes both ways. The child's characteristics and
the context affect the influence.
Deterministic-consitutional model - CORRECT ANSWERS the child changes with time, but
there is continuity
deterministic environmental - CORRECT ANSWERS the environment changes the child
with time, but there is no continuity (changes with the times)
reciprocal interaction model - CORRECT ANSWERS the environment and child are
bidirectional bu thtere is still continuity in the child
Bronfenbrenner's notion of proximal processes - CORRECT ANSWERS the developmental
processes of systematic interaction between person and evironment. These will depend on child
characteristics
, Monozygotic twins - CORRECT ANSWERS identical and share a common genotype
dyzygotic twins - CORRECT ANSWERS fraternal and share only 50% of genes
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWERS the genetic code
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWERS the physical characteristics related to the genotype
Two methods for studying genetic effects - CORRECT ANSWERS -behavioral genetics
-molecular genetics
behavioral genetics - CORRECT ANSWERS makes inferences about genetic influences by
comparing different kinds of pairs (e.g. twins) on their degree of similarity in behavior. No direct
observation of genes
molecular genetics - CORRECT ANSWERS more recent. genes are directly observed.
relates differences in behavior to differences in genes
Heritability estimates - CORRECT ANSWERS the proportion of phenotypic variances
attributable to the genetic variance
Genetic v. Environmental (GxE) interactions - CORRECT ANSWERS the genetic
contributions to the pheotype varies as a function of the environment
CORRECT ANSWERS
development - CORRECT ANSWERS changes in an individual's characteristics (physical,
cognitive, social) due to biologically programmed processes and social influences
socialization - CORRECT ANSWERS the way in which individuals are assisted in becoming
members of one of more social groups
traditional model of development - CORRECT ANSWERS mom is the main source of social
influence and the direction goes straight from her to the child. The context and the
characteristics of the child play no role in the effect of the influence
ecological model of development - CORRECT ANSWERS the whole environment influences
social development. The direction of influence goes both ways. The child's characteristics and
the context affect the influence.
Deterministic-consitutional model - CORRECT ANSWERS the child changes with time, but
there is continuity
deterministic environmental - CORRECT ANSWERS the environment changes the child
with time, but there is no continuity (changes with the times)
reciprocal interaction model - CORRECT ANSWERS the environment and child are
bidirectional bu thtere is still continuity in the child
Bronfenbrenner's notion of proximal processes - CORRECT ANSWERS the developmental
processes of systematic interaction between person and evironment. These will depend on child
characteristics
, Monozygotic twins - CORRECT ANSWERS identical and share a common genotype
dyzygotic twins - CORRECT ANSWERS fraternal and share only 50% of genes
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWERS the genetic code
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWERS the physical characteristics related to the genotype
Two methods for studying genetic effects - CORRECT ANSWERS -behavioral genetics
-molecular genetics
behavioral genetics - CORRECT ANSWERS makes inferences about genetic influences by
comparing different kinds of pairs (e.g. twins) on their degree of similarity in behavior. No direct
observation of genes
molecular genetics - CORRECT ANSWERS more recent. genes are directly observed.
relates differences in behavior to differences in genes
Heritability estimates - CORRECT ANSWERS the proportion of phenotypic variances
attributable to the genetic variance
Genetic v. Environmental (GxE) interactions - CORRECT ANSWERS the genetic
contributions to the pheotype varies as a function of the environment
