HERP2 – 140+ Practice Questions with Answers | Endocrine, GI, Renal, Reproductive Systems, Clinical Cases

This document provides a thorough and well-structured collection of over 140 practice questions and answers for the HERP2 course at Medical University, intended for the 2025 academic year. It is designed to reinforce high-yield clinical knowledge and systems-based integration across the endocrine, gastrointestinal (GI), renal, and reproductive systems, supported by real-world illness scripts and diagnostic reasoning. Included topics and features: Endocrine System: Covers hormone regulation, organ-specific hormone functions (pituitary, adrenal, thyroid), feedback loops, and clinical correlations such as Cushing’s, Addison’s, and hyper/hypothyroidism. Gastrointestinal System: Digestive anatomy and function, liver and pancreas physiology, GI pathologies (e.g., gallstones, IBD, GERD, pancreatitis), and associated lab findings. Renal System: Nephron physiology, electrolyte handling, acid-base balance, GFR, and clinical issues like AKI, CKD, and nephrotic vs. nephritic syndromes. Reproductive System: Embryological development of reproductive structures, hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle, gametogenesis, and clinical topics such as PCOS, erectile dysfunction, menopause, and reproductive endocrinology. Clinical Integration & Illness Scripts: Each system includes integrated patient cases and symptom presentations with emphasis on diagnosis, testing, and treatment decisions. Conditions such as SIADH, DKA, PID, nephrolithiasis, and more are explored through scenario-based questions. This document is particularly useful for students preparing for: Systems-based block exams Clinical reasoning OSCEs or Step 1-style multiple-choice exams USMLE/COMLEX board preparation Integrated assessments in MD, DO, PA, Nursing, or Biomedical Science programs It is also well-suited for any health science curriculum involving clinical diagnostics, physiology, and pathology review in multi-system contexts. Keywords: endocrine hormones, GI physiology, renal function, reproductive anatomy, adrenal gland, thyroid feedback, nephron, menstrual cycle, GFR, IBD, pancreatitis, PCOS, PID, clinical cases, acid-base balance, electrolyte regulation, hormone disorders, illness scripts, reproductive endocrinology