1
SAS 1 TNF COMPLICATION REAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS-2026 LATEST VERSION
1. Which of the following are/is correct with the following historical eras of Nursing, except?
a. Curriculum Era - 1900s to 1920s
b. Research Era – 1950s to 1980s
c. Graduate Education Era – 1950s to 1980s
d. Theory Utilization Era – 21st century
ANSWER: A.
RATIO: The curriculum era falls from the year 1900s, the rest are correct
2. What era noted that the outcome of Nursing theoretical works shifted the focus to the patient?
a. Curriculum Era
b. Graduate Education
c. Theory Era
d. Theory Utilization
ANSWER: C.
RATIO: Curriculum era focuses on what courses to be offered while graduate education is focused more
on research works, while Theory shifts more to quality of care to be given to patients.
3. This is defined as specific to academia and refers to a branch of education, a department of learning or
a domain of knowledge.
a. Vocation
b. Discipline
c. Profession
d. None of the above
ANSWER: B.
RATIO: Discipline is defined as specific to academia and refers to branches of education. For example:
Nursing, Engineering and the like while Profession is discipline applied. Vocation on the other hand is a
calling and more skills application and lesser scope of knowledge. Nursing started as a vocation.
4.
All but one constitutes the following criteria of a profession:
a. utilizes in its practice a well-defined and well organized body of specialized
knowledge.
Relationship between nurse and the patient
b. entrusts the education of its practitioners to universities/ colleges
c. functions autonomously in developing professional policy
d. strives to compensate nurses by providing restriction in action, opportunity for
continuous professional growth and economic insecurity
ANSWER: D.
,CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
RATIO: One criteria included is it strives to compensate nurses by providing freedom in action, opportunity
for continuous growth and economic security.
5. Which era has the emphasis of “carving out an advanced role and basis for nursing practice”
a. Curriculum Era
b. Research Era
c. Graduate Education Era
d. Theory Era
ANSWER: C.
RATIO: Curriculum era emphasizes courses included in nursing programs, research era emphasizes role of
nurses and what to research, Graduate education era emphasizes carving out an advance role and basis for
nursing practice while Theory era emphasizes that there are many ways to think about nursing.
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6. All of the following are true statements regarding epistemology, except?
a. Branch of philosophy concerned with the nature & scope of knowledge.
b. It is the study of knowledge & justifies beliefs.
c. An idea that is suggested or presented as possibly true but that is not known or
proven to
be
true. d. It questions what knowledge is & how it can be acquired.
ANSWER: C.
RATIO: A, B, D are true to Epistemology while letter C is the definition of Theory.
7. Which of the following differentiates Rationalism from Empiricism? (Select all that apply) a. It is from
general to specific
b. Knowledge is real when used by the senses
c. It uses rational thinking
d. Knowledge is based on
experience ANSWER: A, C
RATIO: Rationalism uses rational thinking and is from general to specific approach, the rest is empiricism.
8. A research then theory approach falls on what principle:
a. Rationalism
b. Empiricism
c. A&B
d. None of the above
ANSWER: B.
RATIO: Rationalism uses a theory then research study. Empiricism is research then theory approach.
9. A nurse tries to gather/collect data so the physician can have a diagnosis of the patient. This example
falls under what principle?
a. Rationalism
b. Empiricism
c. A&B
d. None of the above
ANSWER: B.
RATIO: The given example describes an inductive approach which falls on empiricism (going to a specific
to general detail; collecting data is a specific example while leading to diagnosis makes it a general
statement).
10. This is a set of statements that tentatively describe, explain, or predict relationships among concepts
that have been systematically selected & organized as an abstract representation of some
, CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
phenomenon.
a. Epistemology
b. Philosophy
c. Theory
d. Concepts
ANSWER: C.
RATIO: Philosophy is the study of belief. Epistemology is the study of knowledge while concepts are about
ideas.
11. Which of the following is a component of theory development?
a. Concepts
b. Relational statements
c. Linkages and ordering
This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA Education (Department of Nursing) 4 of 55
Downloaded by Fridah Rex ()
SAS 1 TNF COMPLICATION REAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS-2026 LATEST VERSION
1. Which of the following are/is correct with the following historical eras of Nursing, except?
a. Curriculum Era - 1900s to 1920s
b. Research Era – 1950s to 1980s
c. Graduate Education Era – 1950s to 1980s
d. Theory Utilization Era – 21st century
ANSWER: A.
RATIO: The curriculum era falls from the year 1900s, the rest are correct
2. What era noted that the outcome of Nursing theoretical works shifted the focus to the patient?
a. Curriculum Era
b. Graduate Education
c. Theory Era
d. Theory Utilization
ANSWER: C.
RATIO: Curriculum era focuses on what courses to be offered while graduate education is focused more
on research works, while Theory shifts more to quality of care to be given to patients.
3. This is defined as specific to academia and refers to a branch of education, a department of learning or
a domain of knowledge.
a. Vocation
b. Discipline
c. Profession
d. None of the above
ANSWER: B.
RATIO: Discipline is defined as specific to academia and refers to branches of education. For example:
Nursing, Engineering and the like while Profession is discipline applied. Vocation on the other hand is a
calling and more skills application and lesser scope of knowledge. Nursing started as a vocation.
4.
All but one constitutes the following criteria of a profession:
a. utilizes in its practice a well-defined and well organized body of specialized
knowledge.
Relationship between nurse and the patient
b. entrusts the education of its practitioners to universities/ colleges
c. functions autonomously in developing professional policy
d. strives to compensate nurses by providing restriction in action, opportunity for
continuous professional growth and economic insecurity
ANSWER: D.
,CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
RATIO: One criteria included is it strives to compensate nurses by providing freedom in action, opportunity
for continuous growth and economic security.
5. Which era has the emphasis of “carving out an advanced role and basis for nursing practice”
a. Curriculum Era
b. Research Era
c. Graduate Education Era
d. Theory Era
ANSWER: C.
RATIO: Curriculum era emphasizes courses included in nursing programs, research era emphasizes role of
nurses and what to research, Graduate education era emphasizes carving out an advance role and basis for
nursing practice while Theory era emphasizes that there are many ways to think about nursing.
This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA Education (Department of Nursing) 2 of 55
Downloaded by Fridah Rex ()
,3
6. All of the following are true statements regarding epistemology, except?
a. Branch of philosophy concerned with the nature & scope of knowledge.
b. It is the study of knowledge & justifies beliefs.
c. An idea that is suggested or presented as possibly true but that is not known or
proven to
be
true. d. It questions what knowledge is & how it can be acquired.
ANSWER: C.
RATIO: A, B, D are true to Epistemology while letter C is the definition of Theory.
7. Which of the following differentiates Rationalism from Empiricism? (Select all that apply) a. It is from
general to specific
b. Knowledge is real when used by the senses
c. It uses rational thinking
d. Knowledge is based on
experience ANSWER: A, C
RATIO: Rationalism uses rational thinking and is from general to specific approach, the rest is empiricism.
8. A research then theory approach falls on what principle:
a. Rationalism
b. Empiricism
c. A&B
d. None of the above
ANSWER: B.
RATIO: Rationalism uses a theory then research study. Empiricism is research then theory approach.
9. A nurse tries to gather/collect data so the physician can have a diagnosis of the patient. This example
falls under what principle?
a. Rationalism
b. Empiricism
c. A&B
d. None of the above
ANSWER: B.
RATIO: The given example describes an inductive approach which falls on empiricism (going to a specific
to general detail; collecting data is a specific example while leading to diagnosis makes it a general
statement).
10. This is a set of statements that tentatively describe, explain, or predict relationships among concepts
that have been systematically selected & organized as an abstract representation of some
, CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
phenomenon.
a. Epistemology
b. Philosophy
c. Theory
d. Concepts
ANSWER: C.
RATIO: Philosophy is the study of belief. Epistemology is the study of knowledge while concepts are about
ideas.
11. Which of the following is a component of theory development?
a. Concepts
b. Relational statements
c. Linkages and ordering
This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA Education (Department of Nursing) 4 of 55
Downloaded by Fridah Rex ()
