alloimmunity
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immune reaction to tissues of another organism (same species)
ex. after pregnancy (Rh incompatibility), blood transfusions (ABO),
transplant rejections
tx of metabolic alkalosis
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treat underlying cause
-increase renal bicarb excretion with IVF and chloride replacement
,apoptosis
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programmed cell death
-common in embryonic development
physiological or pathological
-autophagy (self-destructive, survival method), lysosomes eat damaged
organelles
systemic manifestations of cell injury
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symptoms/signs pointing at cell injury:
fatigue, malaise, loss of well-being, altered appetite, fever, leukocytosis -
elevated WBC, increased HR, pain
2 forms of body acids
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1. volatile (eliminated as CO2 or H2O)
-DO NOT readily give up H+ ions
ex. carbonic acid (weak)
2. non-volatile (eliminated through renal tubulars - kidneys) - readily give
up H+ ions
ex. organic strong acids: sulfuric, phosphoric acid
,Type A and B blood types are what type of antigen?
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carbohydrate antigen
(antigens only expressed on RBCs)
neutrophils (60-76%) PMNs
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phagocytes: first cells to respond to inflammatory rxn
-cells are short lived and become purulent exudate (pus, dead cells)
restrictive lung diseases: atelectasis
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causes shunting (mismatch V/Q)
-usually post OP after anesthetics or immobilization
1. compression atelectasis: pressure on alveoli
2. absorption atelectasis: obstruction (mucous plug)
3. decrease in surfactant
heat production and conservation
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, reg through hypothalamus, endocrine sys, SNS
-vasoconstriction, muscle contractions, increase metab
3rd LOD: adaptive immunity
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-destroys infectious org that are resistant to inflammation
-provides LT protection by protecting against future exposure to same
pathogens (memory cells)
-slower than inflammation, but more specific
respiratory acidosis
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increase in paCO2 (higher than 45 mmHg)
↓ pH ↑ paCO2 ... causes ↑ bicarb
dysplasia
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-abnormal change in size, shape, structure
not a true adaptive change (aka atypical hyperplasia)...dysplasia does not
imply cancer
Give this one a try later!
immune reaction to tissues of another organism (same species)
ex. after pregnancy (Rh incompatibility), blood transfusions (ABO),
transplant rejections
tx of metabolic alkalosis
Give this one a try later!
treat underlying cause
-increase renal bicarb excretion with IVF and chloride replacement
,apoptosis
Give this one a try later!
programmed cell death
-common in embryonic development
physiological or pathological
-autophagy (self-destructive, survival method), lysosomes eat damaged
organelles
systemic manifestations of cell injury
Give this one a try later!
symptoms/signs pointing at cell injury:
fatigue, malaise, loss of well-being, altered appetite, fever, leukocytosis -
elevated WBC, increased HR, pain
2 forms of body acids
Give this one a try later!
1. volatile (eliminated as CO2 or H2O)
-DO NOT readily give up H+ ions
ex. carbonic acid (weak)
2. non-volatile (eliminated through renal tubulars - kidneys) - readily give
up H+ ions
ex. organic strong acids: sulfuric, phosphoric acid
,Type A and B blood types are what type of antigen?
Give this one a try later!
carbohydrate antigen
(antigens only expressed on RBCs)
neutrophils (60-76%) PMNs
Give this one a try later!
phagocytes: first cells to respond to inflammatory rxn
-cells are short lived and become purulent exudate (pus, dead cells)
restrictive lung diseases: atelectasis
Give this one a try later!
causes shunting (mismatch V/Q)
-usually post OP after anesthetics or immobilization
1. compression atelectasis: pressure on alveoli
2. absorption atelectasis: obstruction (mucous plug)
3. decrease in surfactant
heat production and conservation
Give this one a try later!
, reg through hypothalamus, endocrine sys, SNS
-vasoconstriction, muscle contractions, increase metab
3rd LOD: adaptive immunity
Give this one a try later!
-destroys infectious org that are resistant to inflammation
-provides LT protection by protecting against future exposure to same
pathogens (memory cells)
-slower than inflammation, but more specific
respiratory acidosis
Give this one a try later!
increase in paCO2 (higher than 45 mmHg)
↓ pH ↑ paCO2 ... causes ↑ bicarb
dysplasia
Give this one a try later!
-abnormal change in size, shape, structure
not a true adaptive change (aka atypical hyperplasia)...dysplasia does not
imply cancer
