INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE DOI: 10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v13.9236
NURSING STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS ON BREASTFEEDING:
INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Estratégias e ações do enfermeiro no incentivo ao aleitamento materno:
revisão integrativa
Estrategias y acciones de enfermería en lactancia materna: revisión integrativa
Marina Delli Zotti Souza Viana1, Daiany Saldanha da Silveira Donaduzzi2, Andrieli Berger da Rosa3, Fernanda
Almeida Fettermann4*
How to quote this article:
Viana MDZ, Donaduzzi DSS, Rosa AB, et al. Nursing strategies and actions on breastfeeding: integrative review.
Rev Fun Care Online.2021. Jan./Dec.; 13:1199-1204. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v139236
ABSTRACT
Objective: To identify the strategies and actions used by nurses to encourage breastfeeding. Method: integrative
review conducted in the databases of the Virtual Health Library, Latin American and Caribbean Scientific
and Technical Literature, Nursing Database and Medical Literature Analysisand Retrieval SystemOnline, using
the descriptors “nursing” AND “breastfeeding” AND “nursing care” AND “health education”, January 2018.
Results: the study consisted of 14 publications. Two categories emerged: “The practice of health education
used by nurses to encourage breastfeeding” and “The promotion of family support as a strategy to encourage
breastfeeding”. Conclusion: this review showed how the strategies and actions used by nurses to encourage
breastfeeding, the promotion of autonomy, health education actions, support network, strengthening the bond,
prenatal consultations, guidelines, encouragement of family support. and counseling.
Descriptors: Breast feeding, Nursing care, Health education, Nursing.
1
Nurse, Specialist in Breastfeeding and Infant Sleep, Israeli Institute of Education and Research Albert Einstein, Belo Horizonte-Minas
Gerais-Brazil.
2
Nurse, Coordinator of the Nursing Course at the Integrated Faculty of Santa Maria, Santa Maria-Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil.
3
Nurse, Resident in Health Surveillance, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria-Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil.
4
Nurse, PhD student in Science Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil.
DOI: 10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v13. 9236 | Viana MDZ, Donaduzzi DSS, Rosa AB, et al. | NURSING STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS...
R. pesq.: cuid. fundam. online 2021 Jan/Dec 13: 1199-1204 1199
, ISSN 2175-5361. DOI: 10.9789/2175-5361.2019.v13i2.1199-1204
Viana MDZ, Donaduzzi DSS, Rosa AB, et al. NURSING STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS...
RESUMO problems such as increased episodes of diarrhea. and risk
Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias e ações utilizadas pelo enfermeiro no of malnutrition.1
incentivo ao aleitamento materno. Método: revisão integrativa realizada From this perspective, it is possible to state that
nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, da Literatura Científica breastfeeding is one of the most efficient ways to meet
e Técnica da América Latina e Caribe, Base de Dados de Enfermagem the nutritional, immunological and psychological aspects
e Medical LiteratureAnalysisandRetrievalSystemOnline, por meio dos of children in their first year of life, being a natural and
descritores “enfermagem” AND “aleitamento materno” AND “cuidados de effective practice that favors the mother-child bond when
enfermagem” AND “educação em saúde”, em janeiro de 2018. Resultados: breastfeeding is well experienced by mothers.2
o estudo foi composto por 14 publicações. Emergiu duas categorias: “A Therefore, it is up to the health professional to identify
prática de educação em saúde utilizada por enfermeiros no incentivo ao and understand the process of breastfeeding in its socio-
aleitamento materno” e “A promoção do apoio familiar como estratégia de cultural and family context and, from this understanding,
incentivo ao aleitamento materno”. Conclusão: esta revisão evidenciou como guide the family on the importance of adopting a healthy
estratégias e ações utilizadas pelo enfermeiro no incentivo ao aleitamento practice. This professional must be prepared to provide
materno, a promoção da autonomia, ações de educação em saúde, rede effective and comprehensive care that respects the
de apoio, fortalecimento do vínculo, consultas de pré-natal, orientações, knowledge and life history of each woman and helps her
incentivo ao apoio familiar e aconselhamento. overcome fears, difficulties and insecurities.3
Descritores: Aleitamento materno, Cuidados de enfermagem, Educação The nurse is considered to be a professional indicated to
em saúde, Enfermagem. exercise the orientation approach regarding breastfeeding,
as it is linked to the woman during the pregnancy-puerperal
cycle, through a long follow-up process that begins in the
RESUMEN
prenatal period, continuing the postpartum period after
Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias y acciones utilizadas por las enfermeras
hospital discharge.4
para fomentar la lactancia materna. Método: revisión integral realizada en
las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Literatura Científica y
Nurses play an important role in carrying out
Técnica de América Latina y el Caribe, Base de Datos de Enfermería y Análisis actions in individualized care, with easy-to-understand
de Literatura Médica y Sistema de Recuperación en línea, utilizando los communication, with resources that facilitate the
descriptores “enfermería” Y “lactancia materna” Y “atención de enfermería” understanding of the importance of breastfeeding, through
Y “educación sanitaria”, enero de 2018. Resultados: el estudio consistió en workshops, educational lectures, videos, group activities
14 publicaciones. Surgieron dos categorías: “La práctica de la educación aimed at the exchange of information and experiences,
sanitaria utilizada por las enfermeras para fomentar la lactancia materna” seeking the sum of knowledge, minimizing doubts,
y “La promoción del apoyo familiar como una estrategia para fomentar la difficulties and possible complications.5
lactancia materna”. Conclusión: Esta revisión mostró cómo las estrategias Knowing the importance of the encouragement and
y acciones utilizadas por las enfermeras para fomentar la lactancia materna,
promotion of breastfeeding and knowing the broad
la promoción de la autonomía, las acciones de educación para la salud, la
formation and field of action of Nursing, this study aims
red de apoyo, el fortalecimiento del vínculo, las consultas prenatales, las
to identify the strategies and actions used by nurses in
pautas, el estímulo del apoyo familiar y asesoramiento.
encouraging breastfeeding.
Descriptores: Lactanciamaterna, Atención de enfermería, Educaciónensalud,
enfermería.
METHODS
The study is an integrative literature review that aims to
INTRODUCTION answer the guiding question: “what are the strategies and
Breastfeeding is the process by which the infant receives actions used by nurses in encouraging breastfeeding?”.
milk from its mother. It is considered the most effective Review is one of the research methods that allows
natural bonding, affection and protection strategy for the incorporation of evidence into clinical practice. The
children and is the most sensitive, economical and effective method aims to gather and synthesize research results on
intervention to reduce infant morbidity and mortality, and a delimited theme or issue, in a systematic and orderly
its maintenance is vital for the good development of the manner, contributing to the deepening of knowledge.6
newborn.1 The integrative literature review consists of building a
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) broad literature analysis, contributing to discussions about
and the Ministry of Health (MOH), breastfeeding should research methods and results, as well as reflections on
occur exclusively until the first six months of the baby’s life, future studies. This review is divided into six phases, which
after this period, breastfeeding should be supplemented are: the definition of the research question and objectives
until two years or more. more. Thus, the MS emphasizes of the review; establishment of inclusion criteria of articles
that there is no advantage in starting complementary foods (sample selection), reading of titles; reading of abstracts,
before six months, and may even harm the child’s health, selection of information to be extracted from the selected
as the early introduction of other foods is associated with studies; analysis of results; interpretation and discussion of
R. pesq.: cuid. fundam. online 2021 Jan/Dec 13: 1199-1204 1200
NURSING STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS ON BREASTFEEDING:
INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Estratégias e ações do enfermeiro no incentivo ao aleitamento materno:
revisão integrativa
Estrategias y acciones de enfermería en lactancia materna: revisión integrativa
Marina Delli Zotti Souza Viana1, Daiany Saldanha da Silveira Donaduzzi2, Andrieli Berger da Rosa3, Fernanda
Almeida Fettermann4*
How to quote this article:
Viana MDZ, Donaduzzi DSS, Rosa AB, et al. Nursing strategies and actions on breastfeeding: integrative review.
Rev Fun Care Online.2021. Jan./Dec.; 13:1199-1204. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v139236
ABSTRACT
Objective: To identify the strategies and actions used by nurses to encourage breastfeeding. Method: integrative
review conducted in the databases of the Virtual Health Library, Latin American and Caribbean Scientific
and Technical Literature, Nursing Database and Medical Literature Analysisand Retrieval SystemOnline, using
the descriptors “nursing” AND “breastfeeding” AND “nursing care” AND “health education”, January 2018.
Results: the study consisted of 14 publications. Two categories emerged: “The practice of health education
used by nurses to encourage breastfeeding” and “The promotion of family support as a strategy to encourage
breastfeeding”. Conclusion: this review showed how the strategies and actions used by nurses to encourage
breastfeeding, the promotion of autonomy, health education actions, support network, strengthening the bond,
prenatal consultations, guidelines, encouragement of family support. and counseling.
Descriptors: Breast feeding, Nursing care, Health education, Nursing.
1
Nurse, Specialist in Breastfeeding and Infant Sleep, Israeli Institute of Education and Research Albert Einstein, Belo Horizonte-Minas
Gerais-Brazil.
2
Nurse, Coordinator of the Nursing Course at the Integrated Faculty of Santa Maria, Santa Maria-Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil.
3
Nurse, Resident in Health Surveillance, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria-Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil.
4
Nurse, PhD student in Science Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil.
DOI: 10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v13. 9236 | Viana MDZ, Donaduzzi DSS, Rosa AB, et al. | NURSING STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS...
R. pesq.: cuid. fundam. online 2021 Jan/Dec 13: 1199-1204 1199
, ISSN 2175-5361. DOI: 10.9789/2175-5361.2019.v13i2.1199-1204
Viana MDZ, Donaduzzi DSS, Rosa AB, et al. NURSING STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS...
RESUMO problems such as increased episodes of diarrhea. and risk
Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias e ações utilizadas pelo enfermeiro no of malnutrition.1
incentivo ao aleitamento materno. Método: revisão integrativa realizada From this perspective, it is possible to state that
nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, da Literatura Científica breastfeeding is one of the most efficient ways to meet
e Técnica da América Latina e Caribe, Base de Dados de Enfermagem the nutritional, immunological and psychological aspects
e Medical LiteratureAnalysisandRetrievalSystemOnline, por meio dos of children in their first year of life, being a natural and
descritores “enfermagem” AND “aleitamento materno” AND “cuidados de effective practice that favors the mother-child bond when
enfermagem” AND “educação em saúde”, em janeiro de 2018. Resultados: breastfeeding is well experienced by mothers.2
o estudo foi composto por 14 publicações. Emergiu duas categorias: “A Therefore, it is up to the health professional to identify
prática de educação em saúde utilizada por enfermeiros no incentivo ao and understand the process of breastfeeding in its socio-
aleitamento materno” e “A promoção do apoio familiar como estratégia de cultural and family context and, from this understanding,
incentivo ao aleitamento materno”. Conclusão: esta revisão evidenciou como guide the family on the importance of adopting a healthy
estratégias e ações utilizadas pelo enfermeiro no incentivo ao aleitamento practice. This professional must be prepared to provide
materno, a promoção da autonomia, ações de educação em saúde, rede effective and comprehensive care that respects the
de apoio, fortalecimento do vínculo, consultas de pré-natal, orientações, knowledge and life history of each woman and helps her
incentivo ao apoio familiar e aconselhamento. overcome fears, difficulties and insecurities.3
Descritores: Aleitamento materno, Cuidados de enfermagem, Educação The nurse is considered to be a professional indicated to
em saúde, Enfermagem. exercise the orientation approach regarding breastfeeding,
as it is linked to the woman during the pregnancy-puerperal
cycle, through a long follow-up process that begins in the
RESUMEN
prenatal period, continuing the postpartum period after
Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias y acciones utilizadas por las enfermeras
hospital discharge.4
para fomentar la lactancia materna. Método: revisión integral realizada en
las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Literatura Científica y
Nurses play an important role in carrying out
Técnica de América Latina y el Caribe, Base de Datos de Enfermería y Análisis actions in individualized care, with easy-to-understand
de Literatura Médica y Sistema de Recuperación en línea, utilizando los communication, with resources that facilitate the
descriptores “enfermería” Y “lactancia materna” Y “atención de enfermería” understanding of the importance of breastfeeding, through
Y “educación sanitaria”, enero de 2018. Resultados: el estudio consistió en workshops, educational lectures, videos, group activities
14 publicaciones. Surgieron dos categorías: “La práctica de la educación aimed at the exchange of information and experiences,
sanitaria utilizada por las enfermeras para fomentar la lactancia materna” seeking the sum of knowledge, minimizing doubts,
y “La promoción del apoyo familiar como una estrategia para fomentar la difficulties and possible complications.5
lactancia materna”. Conclusión: Esta revisión mostró cómo las estrategias Knowing the importance of the encouragement and
y acciones utilizadas por las enfermeras para fomentar la lactancia materna,
promotion of breastfeeding and knowing the broad
la promoción de la autonomía, las acciones de educación para la salud, la
formation and field of action of Nursing, this study aims
red de apoyo, el fortalecimiento del vínculo, las consultas prenatales, las
to identify the strategies and actions used by nurses in
pautas, el estímulo del apoyo familiar y asesoramiento.
encouraging breastfeeding.
Descriptores: Lactanciamaterna, Atención de enfermería, Educaciónensalud,
enfermería.
METHODS
The study is an integrative literature review that aims to
INTRODUCTION answer the guiding question: “what are the strategies and
Breastfeeding is the process by which the infant receives actions used by nurses in encouraging breastfeeding?”.
milk from its mother. It is considered the most effective Review is one of the research methods that allows
natural bonding, affection and protection strategy for the incorporation of evidence into clinical practice. The
children and is the most sensitive, economical and effective method aims to gather and synthesize research results on
intervention to reduce infant morbidity and mortality, and a delimited theme or issue, in a systematic and orderly
its maintenance is vital for the good development of the manner, contributing to the deepening of knowledge.6
newborn.1 The integrative literature review consists of building a
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) broad literature analysis, contributing to discussions about
and the Ministry of Health (MOH), breastfeeding should research methods and results, as well as reflections on
occur exclusively until the first six months of the baby’s life, future studies. This review is divided into six phases, which
after this period, breastfeeding should be supplemented are: the definition of the research question and objectives
until two years or more. more. Thus, the MS emphasizes of the review; establishment of inclusion criteria of articles
that there is no advantage in starting complementary foods (sample selection), reading of titles; reading of abstracts,
before six months, and may even harm the child’s health, selection of information to be extracted from the selected
as the early introduction of other foods is associated with studies; analysis of results; interpretation and discussion of
R. pesq.: cuid. fundam. online 2021 Jan/Dec 13: 1199-1204 1200
