PCIP STUDY EXAM SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ 3 ethical principles that should be considered when examining
research. Answer: 1.Respect/autonomy (capable of self-
determination), 2.beneficence (researchers must maximize benefits
and minimize risks),
3. Justice (benefits must be fairly distributed)
◉ Beneficience. Answer: responsibility to benefit pts, improve pt's
health and quality of life "DO GOOD"
the duty to minimize harm and maximize benefits.
Human research should produce benefits for participants
themselves or—a situation that is more common—for other
individuals or society as a whole
-the right to freedom from harm and discomfort- must not be
subjected to unnecessary risks of harm or discomfort, and
participation in research must be essential to achieving societally
important aims
,-the right to protection from exploitation- should not place
participants at a disadvantage; assurance that participation or info
given will not be used against
◉ Right to self-determination. Answer: prospective participants
have the right to decide voluntarily whether to participated in a
study without risking penalty or prejudicial treatment; people have
the right to ask questions and to withdraw from study; includes
freedom from coercion
(part of respect/autonomy)
◉ Right to full disclosure. Answer: researcher has fully described the
study, the person's right to refuse participation, and possible risks
and benefits; can have biases
◉ right to fair treatment. Answer: selection of participants should be
based on research requirements not on people's vulnerabilities;
obligations to those who can't protect their own interests; not to
discriminate against those who may benefit from advances in
research; must honor all agreements made with participants; must
show respect for beliefs and lifestyles of people from different
backgrounds; must treat participants courteously and tactfully at all
times
part of justice
, ◉ Right to privacy. Answer: research must not be more intrusive
than it needs to be and privacy should be maintained; data provided
should be confidential (HIPAA)
part of justice
◉ Vulnerable populations. Answer: incapable of giving fully
informed consent or may be at high risk of unintended side effects.
Include:
-Children- legally and ethically do not have the competence to give
informed consent so consent of parent/guardians should be
obtained; if child is at least 7 should obtain child's assent as well.
-Mentally or emotionally detached people- disability makes it
impossible for them to make informed decisions (cognitive
impairment, coma); cannot legally provide informed consent;
written consent must be obtained from legal guardians
-Severely ill or physically disabled people- very ill or undergoing
certain treatments (mechanical ventilation); may be necessary to
assess ability to make reasoned decisions; for certain disabilities
special consent procedures may be required (can't read or write)
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ 3 ethical principles that should be considered when examining
research. Answer: 1.Respect/autonomy (capable of self-
determination), 2.beneficence (researchers must maximize benefits
and minimize risks),
3. Justice (benefits must be fairly distributed)
◉ Beneficience. Answer: responsibility to benefit pts, improve pt's
health and quality of life "DO GOOD"
the duty to minimize harm and maximize benefits.
Human research should produce benefits for participants
themselves or—a situation that is more common—for other
individuals or society as a whole
-the right to freedom from harm and discomfort- must not be
subjected to unnecessary risks of harm or discomfort, and
participation in research must be essential to achieving societally
important aims
,-the right to protection from exploitation- should not place
participants at a disadvantage; assurance that participation or info
given will not be used against
◉ Right to self-determination. Answer: prospective participants
have the right to decide voluntarily whether to participated in a
study without risking penalty or prejudicial treatment; people have
the right to ask questions and to withdraw from study; includes
freedom from coercion
(part of respect/autonomy)
◉ Right to full disclosure. Answer: researcher has fully described the
study, the person's right to refuse participation, and possible risks
and benefits; can have biases
◉ right to fair treatment. Answer: selection of participants should be
based on research requirements not on people's vulnerabilities;
obligations to those who can't protect their own interests; not to
discriminate against those who may benefit from advances in
research; must honor all agreements made with participants; must
show respect for beliefs and lifestyles of people from different
backgrounds; must treat participants courteously and tactfully at all
times
part of justice
, ◉ Right to privacy. Answer: research must not be more intrusive
than it needs to be and privacy should be maintained; data provided
should be confidential (HIPAA)
part of justice
◉ Vulnerable populations. Answer: incapable of giving fully
informed consent or may be at high risk of unintended side effects.
Include:
-Children- legally and ethically do not have the competence to give
informed consent so consent of parent/guardians should be
obtained; if child is at least 7 should obtain child's assent as well.
-Mentally or emotionally detached people- disability makes it
impossible for them to make informed decisions (cognitive
impairment, coma); cannot legally provide informed consent;
written consent must be obtained from legal guardians
-Severely ill or physically disabled people- very ill or undergoing
certain treatments (mechanical ventilation); may be necessary to
assess ability to make reasoned decisions; for certain disabilities
special consent procedures may be required (can't read or write)
