MIC 205 Exam 1 Daydif Downtown ASU With complete
solu!on RATED A+ NEW EDITION 100% PASS
Ma er is composed of very small units called ________?
atoms
Atoms are composed of which 3 subatomic par cles?
protons, neutrons, electrons
Where are the three subatomic par cles located within an atom?
protons: inside nucleus (posi ve charge)
neutrons: inside nucleus (no charge)
electrons: hang out in energy levels around nucleus (nega ve charge)
Purpose of electrons in an atom?
combine an atom with other atoms to form chemical bonds
atoms share or exchange electrons when they get close to other atoms
Chemical bonds move electrons to (higher/lower) energy states?
lower, bonds make electrons more stable
3 types of chemical bonds?
covalent (polar + nonpolar) - strongest
ionic (metal + nonmetal) - moderate
hydrogen bonds (FON) - weakest
Atoms are most stable when their outmost shell is (empty/full)?
FULL
Ionic bond
,some atoms are made more stable by exchanging electrons with other atoms to form ion
ca ons: posi vely charged atoms
anions: nega vely charged atoms
When are compounds formed?
when many posi ve + nega ve ions interact, they form a salt
salts dissociate in water into ca ons + anions (electrolytes)
allows for forma on of electrical gradients across membranes
Dissocia on of hydrogen ions determines?
cellular pH
Covalent bonds?
some atoms prefer to share one or more pairs of electrons with other atoms rather than
exchange them
polar + nonpolar
What is electronega vity?
affinity of an atom for its electrons
the more electronega ve an atom, the greater the nucleus pulls on the electrons
determines whether bond will be nonpolar or polar
When are molecules formed?
when two or more atoms with covalent bonds join together
What are nonpolar covalent bonds?
electrons are shared equally
atoms with similar electronega vi es/some mes the same atom bonded together
charged poles do not develop
,carbon atoms form four nonpolar covalent bonds with other atoms; cri cal property for life
What are polar covalent bonds?
unequal sharing of electrons due to significantly different electronega vi es
most important polar covalent bonds involve hydrogen and oxygen
cri cally important for establishing the weakly polarized condi ons necessary for hydrogen
bonding
What are hydrogen bonds?
a weak bond between a slightly posi ve hydrogen atom and a slightly nega ve atom (F, O, N)
polar covalent bonds
What do hydrogen bonds help us do?
determine the physical proper es of water, our planet's universal solvent
help stabilize the three-dimensional shapes of large molecules
dictate the interac ons of enzymes with substrates, an bodies with targets, etc.
Hydrogen bonds are (stronger/weaker) than covalent bonds but absolutely essen al for living
organisms
WEAKER
Chemical reac ons?
making + breaking of chemical bonds
involve reactants + products
Synthesis reac ons?
combining smaller molecules to make larger ones
anabolism, endothermic
Decomposi on reac ons?
, spli?ng larger molecules into smaller ones
catabolism, exothermic
Exchange reac ons?
pairs of anabolic + catabolic rxns
coupled in an organized series
Redox reac on?
LEO GER = lose electrons oxidized, gain electrons reduced
an electron donor donates an electron to an electron acceptor. the donor is oxidized, the
acceptor is reduced.
always coupled + occur simultaneously
cells use electron carrier molecules to carry electrons
Organic macromolecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Monomer of lipids?
fa y acids that contain mostly carbon + hydrogen
fa y acids are nonpolar
Four groups of lipids?
fats, phospholipids, waxes, steroids
Monomer of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides
Carbohydrates are composed of?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (CH2O)n
Func ons of carbohydrates?
solu!on RATED A+ NEW EDITION 100% PASS
Ma er is composed of very small units called ________?
atoms
Atoms are composed of which 3 subatomic par cles?
protons, neutrons, electrons
Where are the three subatomic par cles located within an atom?
protons: inside nucleus (posi ve charge)
neutrons: inside nucleus (no charge)
electrons: hang out in energy levels around nucleus (nega ve charge)
Purpose of electrons in an atom?
combine an atom with other atoms to form chemical bonds
atoms share or exchange electrons when they get close to other atoms
Chemical bonds move electrons to (higher/lower) energy states?
lower, bonds make electrons more stable
3 types of chemical bonds?
covalent (polar + nonpolar) - strongest
ionic (metal + nonmetal) - moderate
hydrogen bonds (FON) - weakest
Atoms are most stable when their outmost shell is (empty/full)?
FULL
Ionic bond
,some atoms are made more stable by exchanging electrons with other atoms to form ion
ca ons: posi vely charged atoms
anions: nega vely charged atoms
When are compounds formed?
when many posi ve + nega ve ions interact, they form a salt
salts dissociate in water into ca ons + anions (electrolytes)
allows for forma on of electrical gradients across membranes
Dissocia on of hydrogen ions determines?
cellular pH
Covalent bonds?
some atoms prefer to share one or more pairs of electrons with other atoms rather than
exchange them
polar + nonpolar
What is electronega vity?
affinity of an atom for its electrons
the more electronega ve an atom, the greater the nucleus pulls on the electrons
determines whether bond will be nonpolar or polar
When are molecules formed?
when two or more atoms with covalent bonds join together
What are nonpolar covalent bonds?
electrons are shared equally
atoms with similar electronega vi es/some mes the same atom bonded together
charged poles do not develop
,carbon atoms form four nonpolar covalent bonds with other atoms; cri cal property for life
What are polar covalent bonds?
unequal sharing of electrons due to significantly different electronega vi es
most important polar covalent bonds involve hydrogen and oxygen
cri cally important for establishing the weakly polarized condi ons necessary for hydrogen
bonding
What are hydrogen bonds?
a weak bond between a slightly posi ve hydrogen atom and a slightly nega ve atom (F, O, N)
polar covalent bonds
What do hydrogen bonds help us do?
determine the physical proper es of water, our planet's universal solvent
help stabilize the three-dimensional shapes of large molecules
dictate the interac ons of enzymes with substrates, an bodies with targets, etc.
Hydrogen bonds are (stronger/weaker) than covalent bonds but absolutely essen al for living
organisms
WEAKER
Chemical reac ons?
making + breaking of chemical bonds
involve reactants + products
Synthesis reac ons?
combining smaller molecules to make larger ones
anabolism, endothermic
Decomposi on reac ons?
, spli?ng larger molecules into smaller ones
catabolism, exothermic
Exchange reac ons?
pairs of anabolic + catabolic rxns
coupled in an organized series
Redox reac on?
LEO GER = lose electrons oxidized, gain electrons reduced
an electron donor donates an electron to an electron acceptor. the donor is oxidized, the
acceptor is reduced.
always coupled + occur simultaneously
cells use electron carrier molecules to carry electrons
Organic macromolecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Monomer of lipids?
fa y acids that contain mostly carbon + hydrogen
fa y acids are nonpolar
Four groups of lipids?
fats, phospholipids, waxes, steroids
Monomer of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides
Carbohydrates are composed of?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (CH2O)n
Func ons of carbohydrates?
