JAMES EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
/. Demographic transitions - Answer-✅The sequence of decreased death rate followed
by a decrease in birthrate.
/.Pioneer species - Answer-✅Grasses & weeds that are the first organisms in a
community going through secondary succession.
/.Intermediate species - Answer-✅Shrubs & trees that develop after pioneer species in
secondary succession.
/.Climax community - Answer-✅A mature, stable forest that represents the final stage of
ecological succession.
/.Tundra - Answer-✅A biome characterized by little rainfall, permafrost, and an average
temperature below 0°C.
/.Commensalism - Answer-✅A type of symbiotic relationship where one species
benefits and the other is unaffected.
/.Survivorship curve - Answer-✅(Type I, II, III) Shows the number or proportion of
individuals surviving at each age for a given species.
/.Cohort - Answer-✅A group of individuals of the same age class.
/.Producers - Answer-✅The trophic level where energy flow in an ecosystem begins.
/.Community - Answer-✅Consists of all the populations of multiple species interacting in
a designated region.
/.Optimal Foraging Theory - Answer-✅Based on the core assumption that natural
selection has favored foraging behaviors that maximize net energy gain per unit of
foraging time.
/.Density dependent factors - Answer-✅Factors whose impact on a population changes
with population density.