MDC 4 EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ Parkinson's 4 cardinal symptoms. Answer: tremor
muscle rigidity
bradykinesia or askinesia (slow or no movement)
postural instability
mask like face
shuffling gate, drooling
◉ Huntington's vs. Parkinson's. Answer: often mistaken for each
other, HD has choreiform or jerky movements
◉ Parkinson's Physcial assessment. Answer: small handwriting
freezing
rigidity
masked faces
difficult chewing/swallowing
orthostatic hypotension
,soft speech
urinary incontinence
◉ Parkinson's lab tests. Answer: CSF mahave low dopamine
MRI or SPECT to rule out other brain conditions
◉ Parkinson's drug treatment. Answer: sinement-
carbadopa/levadopa (stimulate dopamine receptors)
COMT Inhibitor-Entacapone (prolong action of levodopa)
MAOIS-rasagiline mesylate (increase dopamine concentration)
Dopamine receptor agonists- Bromocriptine mesylate (promote
dopamine release)
Antiviral-amantadine
◉ Parkinson's surgical treatment. Answer: stereotactic pallidotomy-
destroy a portion of the globus pallidus, and thereby, decrease
patients' muscle rigidity from Parkinson's disease
DBS-uses electrical stimulation to modulate these control centers
deep to the surface of the brain, improving communication between
brain cells. This helps to reduce symptoms such as tremor, slowness,
and stiffness.
◉ Seizures (Epilepsy). Answer: seizuer-sudden uncontrolled
electrical discharge of neurons
,epilepsy-2 or more seizures
◉ Generalized Seizures types. Answer: Tonic-clonic
tonic
clonic
myoclonic
atonic
◉ partial seizure types. Answer: complex/automatisms
simple
◉ tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal). Answer: begins on both sides of
the brain, but can start in one side and spread to the whole brain.
LOC
muscles stiffen
jerking movements
last 1 to 3 minutes and take longer for a person to recover.
◉ Tonic Seizure. Answer: a sudden stiffness or tension in the
muscles of the arms, legs or trunk. The stiffness lasts about 20
seconds and is most likely to happen during sleep. Tonic seizures
that occur while the person is standing may cause them to fall. After
the seizure, the person may feel tired or confused
, ◉ Clonic seizures. Answer: repeated jerking movements of the arms
and legs on one or both sides of the body, sometimes with numbness
or tingling. If it is a focal (partial) seizure, the person may be aware
of what's happening. During a generalized seizure, the person may
be unconsciou
◉ Myoclonic seizures. Answer: brief shock-like jerks of a muscle or
group of muscles. They occur in a variety of epilepsy syndromes that
have different characteristics. During a myoclonic seizure, the
person is usually awake and able to think clearly.
◉ Atonic. Answer: muscles suddenly become limp. Part or all of the
body may become limp
◉ complex/automatism seizure. Answer: nonpurposeful,
stereotyped, and repetitive behaviors that commonly accompany
focal impaired awareness seizures (in the semiologic classification,
they define automotor seizures). The behavior is inappropriate for
the situation. Patients are usually amnestic to their automatisms.
◉ Simple seizure. Answer: A simple partial seizure will affect only
one area of your brain. It doesn't cause you to lose consciousness
◉ Causes of seizures Primary. Answer: idiopathic
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ Parkinson's 4 cardinal symptoms. Answer: tremor
muscle rigidity
bradykinesia or askinesia (slow or no movement)
postural instability
mask like face
shuffling gate, drooling
◉ Huntington's vs. Parkinson's. Answer: often mistaken for each
other, HD has choreiform or jerky movements
◉ Parkinson's Physcial assessment. Answer: small handwriting
freezing
rigidity
masked faces
difficult chewing/swallowing
orthostatic hypotension
,soft speech
urinary incontinence
◉ Parkinson's lab tests. Answer: CSF mahave low dopamine
MRI or SPECT to rule out other brain conditions
◉ Parkinson's drug treatment. Answer: sinement-
carbadopa/levadopa (stimulate dopamine receptors)
COMT Inhibitor-Entacapone (prolong action of levodopa)
MAOIS-rasagiline mesylate (increase dopamine concentration)
Dopamine receptor agonists- Bromocriptine mesylate (promote
dopamine release)
Antiviral-amantadine
◉ Parkinson's surgical treatment. Answer: stereotactic pallidotomy-
destroy a portion of the globus pallidus, and thereby, decrease
patients' muscle rigidity from Parkinson's disease
DBS-uses electrical stimulation to modulate these control centers
deep to the surface of the brain, improving communication between
brain cells. This helps to reduce symptoms such as tremor, slowness,
and stiffness.
◉ Seizures (Epilepsy). Answer: seizuer-sudden uncontrolled
electrical discharge of neurons
,epilepsy-2 or more seizures
◉ Generalized Seizures types. Answer: Tonic-clonic
tonic
clonic
myoclonic
atonic
◉ partial seizure types. Answer: complex/automatisms
simple
◉ tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal). Answer: begins on both sides of
the brain, but can start in one side and spread to the whole brain.
LOC
muscles stiffen
jerking movements
last 1 to 3 minutes and take longer for a person to recover.
◉ Tonic Seizure. Answer: a sudden stiffness or tension in the
muscles of the arms, legs or trunk. The stiffness lasts about 20
seconds and is most likely to happen during sleep. Tonic seizures
that occur while the person is standing may cause them to fall. After
the seizure, the person may feel tired or confused
, ◉ Clonic seizures. Answer: repeated jerking movements of the arms
and legs on one or both sides of the body, sometimes with numbness
or tingling. If it is a focal (partial) seizure, the person may be aware
of what's happening. During a generalized seizure, the person may
be unconsciou
◉ Myoclonic seizures. Answer: brief shock-like jerks of a muscle or
group of muscles. They occur in a variety of epilepsy syndromes that
have different characteristics. During a myoclonic seizure, the
person is usually awake and able to think clearly.
◉ Atonic. Answer: muscles suddenly become limp. Part or all of the
body may become limp
◉ complex/automatism seizure. Answer: nonpurposeful,
stereotyped, and repetitive behaviors that commonly accompany
focal impaired awareness seizures (in the semiologic classification,
they define automotor seizures). The behavior is inappropriate for
the situation. Patients are usually amnestic to their automatisms.
◉ Simple seizure. Answer: A simple partial seizure will affect only
one area of your brain. It doesn't cause you to lose consciousness
◉ Causes of seizures Primary. Answer: idiopathic
