TAMU BIO 111 (DR. ASHA RAO) FINAL EXAM TEST QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
EUKARYOTIC CELL
Cell containing a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles
PROKARYOTIC CELL
Cell that lacks a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles
LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Atoms, Molecules, Cells, Organelles, Tissues
BIOLOGICAL DOMAINS
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
REDUCTIONIST APPROACH
Biologically break everything down into the simplest possible components
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH
Tie small parts back together into a whole.
,EVOLUTION NEEDS THREE THINGS TO WORK
1) Variation in a population
2) A way for variation to be inherited
3) Differential effect of the environment on the variation
SCIENCE
To know nature
TWO TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL INQUIRY
1) Discovery Science (Inductive)
2) Hypothesis-Based Science (Deductive)
SCIENTIFIC THEORY
1) Well-supported by a large body of evidence with testable ideas and objective data
2) Broad scope, supported by accumulated evidence from many hypotheses, leads to new
hypotheses, can be modified or rejected
E.g. Cell Theory, Atomic Theory, Evolutionary Theory, Chromosomal Theory
HYPOTHESIS
A tentative answer to a well-framed question. (Testable, Falsifiable, Verifiable)
,ELEMENT
A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical means
COMPOUND
Made of two or more elements held together by chemical bonds and can have very
different properties from their constituent elements
MOLECULE
Two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond
ATOM
Smallest functional unit of matter that retains the properties of an element
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES
Nucleus of atom decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy, thus transforming
into an atom of another element
, VALENCE
# of bonds an atom can make
VALENCE SHELL
Outermost shell
VALENCE ELECTRONS
Most chemical behavior depend on these electrons
3 TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS
Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen
2 TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS
Non-polar, Polar
NON-POLAR COVALENT BOND
Equal sharing of electrons
E.g. C-C, C-H
SOLUTIONS
EUKARYOTIC CELL
Cell containing a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles
PROKARYOTIC CELL
Cell that lacks a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles
LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Atoms, Molecules, Cells, Organelles, Tissues
BIOLOGICAL DOMAINS
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
REDUCTIONIST APPROACH
Biologically break everything down into the simplest possible components
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH
Tie small parts back together into a whole.
,EVOLUTION NEEDS THREE THINGS TO WORK
1) Variation in a population
2) A way for variation to be inherited
3) Differential effect of the environment on the variation
SCIENCE
To know nature
TWO TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL INQUIRY
1) Discovery Science (Inductive)
2) Hypothesis-Based Science (Deductive)
SCIENTIFIC THEORY
1) Well-supported by a large body of evidence with testable ideas and objective data
2) Broad scope, supported by accumulated evidence from many hypotheses, leads to new
hypotheses, can be modified or rejected
E.g. Cell Theory, Atomic Theory, Evolutionary Theory, Chromosomal Theory
HYPOTHESIS
A tentative answer to a well-framed question. (Testable, Falsifiable, Verifiable)
,ELEMENT
A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical means
COMPOUND
Made of two or more elements held together by chemical bonds and can have very
different properties from their constituent elements
MOLECULE
Two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond
ATOM
Smallest functional unit of matter that retains the properties of an element
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES
Nucleus of atom decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy, thus transforming
into an atom of another element
, VALENCE
# of bonds an atom can make
VALENCE SHELL
Outermost shell
VALENCE ELECTRONS
Most chemical behavior depend on these electrons
3 TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS
Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen
2 TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS
Non-polar, Polar
NON-POLAR COVALENT BOND
Equal sharing of electrons
E.g. C-C, C-H
