RD Exam - Domain 1 QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS/A+ GRADE
Acid-base balance - ✔✔Regulation of hydrogen concentration
Acid releases hydrogen and base takes up hydrogen
Acidosis - ✔✔Respiratory - Retention of carbon dioxide by lungs (decreased
ventilation), to compensate the kidneys increase absorption of base, Metabolic
(sometimes called ketosis) - Kidneys can either produce or retain too much
hydrogen leading to an increase in production of carbonic acid, kidneys can
excrete too much bases, causing respiration to increase to remove carbon
dioxide
Adults RDA - ✔✔45-65% CHO, 20-35% FAT, 10-35% PRO
Aging Meat - ✔✔Increases the tenderness, and changes the muscle protein
which is brought about by enzymes which increase the water-holding capacity
of the muscle
Acid and salt also increase the tenderness by increasing the water-holding
capacity
Albumin and Fluid Balance - ✔✔Albumin exerts pressure on blood vessel wall,
when albumin drops, pressure drops
Low serum protein leads to edema and ascites
,Alkalosis - ✔✔Respiratory - Loss of carbonic acid (increased ventilation), kidneys
excrete additional base, Metabolic - loss of hydrogen due to loss of acid, an
increased retention of base. To compensate, ventilation decreases to retain CO2
Analytical Research - ✔✔Allows causal associations to be determined
-experimental model (experimental and control groups) the experimental group
recieves the treatment
-quasi-experiemental (time series) measurements are taken before and after
-cohort studies (members have something in common) sometimes called
incidence studies, carried out over time and are prospective
-case control studies (focus on specific disease)
-cross-sectional studies (one time data collection)
Anasarca - ✔✔extreme, generalized edema and widespread swelling of skin due
to effusion of fluid into extracellular space. Associated with heart, liver, renal
failure, and extreme protein/calorie malnutrition.
At risk populations - ✔✔<16 OR >35 yrs of age
Failure to gain 4 lbs per month in last half of pregnancy
Pregnant adolescents needs extra Ca, zinc, and iron, most at risk
,Baby friendly hospital initiative - ✔✔global effort to increase incidence and
duration of breast feeding
-hospitals must implement ten steps to successful breast feeding
Bake - ✔✔In oven, varying temperatures
Baking at high altitudes - ✔✔Water boils are a lower temp, decrease amount of
baking powder and increase amount of liquid in baking
Baking powder - ✔✔mixture of baking soda, a dry acid, and cornstarch * old
baking powder becomes more alkaline, causes a loss of thiamine
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - ✔✔resting energy expenditure
Batters and Doughs - ✔✔Pour batter - 1-1 liquid and flour
Drop batter - 1-2 liquid to flour
Soft dough - 1-3 liquid to flour
Stiff dough - 1-4 liquid to flour
Behavior modification methods - ✔✔cause and effect relationship
positive reinforcement - encourages repetition of a given behavior
avoidance learning - learn to escape from unpleasant consequences
, extinction - reduce undesired behavior
Birth Weight - ✔✔Normal: 2500-4000g
LBW: <2500g
VLBW: <1500g
ELBW: <1000g
SGA: <10th % weight for age
AGA: 10th-90th% weight for age
LGA: >90% weight for age
Birth weight should double in 4-6 months
6% birth weight is lost and should be regained in 10-14 days
Blooms taxonomy - ✔✔objectives for the hierarchy of learning, * objectives at
lower level must be mastered before more complex learning can take place.
BMI starts at 2 yrs - ✔✔< 5% underweight, 5-84% normal weight 85-94%
overweight, 95% > obese
Boiling - ✔✔Small amount of salted water for short time, covered pan unless
stated otherwise
- Acidic vegetables need more time to cook; use more waster, no lid
Acid-base balance - ✔✔Regulation of hydrogen concentration
Acid releases hydrogen and base takes up hydrogen
Acidosis - ✔✔Respiratory - Retention of carbon dioxide by lungs (decreased
ventilation), to compensate the kidneys increase absorption of base, Metabolic
(sometimes called ketosis) - Kidneys can either produce or retain too much
hydrogen leading to an increase in production of carbonic acid, kidneys can
excrete too much bases, causing respiration to increase to remove carbon
dioxide
Adults RDA - ✔✔45-65% CHO, 20-35% FAT, 10-35% PRO
Aging Meat - ✔✔Increases the tenderness, and changes the muscle protein
which is brought about by enzymes which increase the water-holding capacity
of the muscle
Acid and salt also increase the tenderness by increasing the water-holding
capacity
Albumin and Fluid Balance - ✔✔Albumin exerts pressure on blood vessel wall,
when albumin drops, pressure drops
Low serum protein leads to edema and ascites
,Alkalosis - ✔✔Respiratory - Loss of carbonic acid (increased ventilation), kidneys
excrete additional base, Metabolic - loss of hydrogen due to loss of acid, an
increased retention of base. To compensate, ventilation decreases to retain CO2
Analytical Research - ✔✔Allows causal associations to be determined
-experimental model (experimental and control groups) the experimental group
recieves the treatment
-quasi-experiemental (time series) measurements are taken before and after
-cohort studies (members have something in common) sometimes called
incidence studies, carried out over time and are prospective
-case control studies (focus on specific disease)
-cross-sectional studies (one time data collection)
Anasarca - ✔✔extreme, generalized edema and widespread swelling of skin due
to effusion of fluid into extracellular space. Associated with heart, liver, renal
failure, and extreme protein/calorie malnutrition.
At risk populations - ✔✔<16 OR >35 yrs of age
Failure to gain 4 lbs per month in last half of pregnancy
Pregnant adolescents needs extra Ca, zinc, and iron, most at risk
,Baby friendly hospital initiative - ✔✔global effort to increase incidence and
duration of breast feeding
-hospitals must implement ten steps to successful breast feeding
Bake - ✔✔In oven, varying temperatures
Baking at high altitudes - ✔✔Water boils are a lower temp, decrease amount of
baking powder and increase amount of liquid in baking
Baking powder - ✔✔mixture of baking soda, a dry acid, and cornstarch * old
baking powder becomes more alkaline, causes a loss of thiamine
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - ✔✔resting energy expenditure
Batters and Doughs - ✔✔Pour batter - 1-1 liquid and flour
Drop batter - 1-2 liquid to flour
Soft dough - 1-3 liquid to flour
Stiff dough - 1-4 liquid to flour
Behavior modification methods - ✔✔cause and effect relationship
positive reinforcement - encourages repetition of a given behavior
avoidance learning - learn to escape from unpleasant consequences
, extinction - reduce undesired behavior
Birth Weight - ✔✔Normal: 2500-4000g
LBW: <2500g
VLBW: <1500g
ELBW: <1000g
SGA: <10th % weight for age
AGA: 10th-90th% weight for age
LGA: >90% weight for age
Birth weight should double in 4-6 months
6% birth weight is lost and should be regained in 10-14 days
Blooms taxonomy - ✔✔objectives for the hierarchy of learning, * objectives at
lower level must be mastered before more complex learning can take place.
BMI starts at 2 yrs - ✔✔< 5% underweight, 5-84% normal weight 85-94%
overweight, 95% > obese
Boiling - ✔✔Small amount of salted water for short time, covered pan unless
stated otherwise
- Acidic vegetables need more time to cook; use more waster, no lid
