Intro Sociology Midterm Exam QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS/A+
GRADE
age-grades - ✔✔the system found in small traditional cultures by which people
belonging to a similar age-group are categorized together and hold similar rights
and obligations
agents of socialization - ✔✔groups of social contexts within which processes of
socialization take place
agrarian societies - ✔✔societies whose means of subsistence are based on
agricultural production
anomie - ✔✔a concept first brought upon by Durkheim, referring to a situation
in which social norms lose their hold over individual behavior
assimilation - ✔✔the acceptance of a minority group by a majority population,
in which the new group takes on the values and norms of the dominant culture
bureaucracy - ✔✔a type of organization marked by a clear hierarchy of
authority and the existence of written rules of procedure and staffed by full-
time, salaried officials
capitalism - ✔✔an economic system based on the private ownership of wealth,
which is invested and reinvested in order to produce profit
causation - ✔✔the causal influence of one factor, or variable, upon another
,cognition - ✔✔human thought processes involving perception, reasoning, and
remembering
colonialism - ✔✔the process whereby Western nations established their rule in
parts of the world away from their home territories
community policing - ✔✔a renewed emphasis on crime prevention rather than
law enforcement to reintegrate policing within the community
comparative research - ✔✔research that compares one set of findings on one
society with the same type of findings on another society
concrete operational stage - ✔✔a stage of cognitive development, as
formulated by Piaget, in which the child's thinking is based primarily on physical
perception of the world
conflict theory - ✔✔argument that deviance is deliberately chosen and often
political in nature
control theory - ✔✔a theory that views crime as the outcome of an imbalance
between impulses toward criminal activity and controls that deter it
controls - ✔✔statistical or experimental means of holding some variables
constant in order to examine the causal influence of others
corporate crime - ✔✔offenses committed by large corporations in society
, corporate culture - ✔✔an organizational culture involving rituals, events, or
traditions that are unique to a specific company
correlation - ✔✔the regular relationship between two variables, often
expressed in statistical terms
crimes - ✔✔any actions that contravene the laws established by a political
authority
cultural relativism - ✔✔the practice of judging a society by its own standards
cultural turn - ✔✔sociology's recent emphasis on the importance of
understanding the role of culture in daily life
cultural universals - ✔✔values or models of behavior shared by all human
cultures
culture - ✔✔the values, norms, and material goods characteristic of a given
group
cybercrime - ✔✔criminal activities by means of electronic networks or involving
the use of new information technologies
dependent variable - ✔✔a variable, or factor, that causally influenced by
another variable
GRADE
age-grades - ✔✔the system found in small traditional cultures by which people
belonging to a similar age-group are categorized together and hold similar rights
and obligations
agents of socialization - ✔✔groups of social contexts within which processes of
socialization take place
agrarian societies - ✔✔societies whose means of subsistence are based on
agricultural production
anomie - ✔✔a concept first brought upon by Durkheim, referring to a situation
in which social norms lose their hold over individual behavior
assimilation - ✔✔the acceptance of a minority group by a majority population,
in which the new group takes on the values and norms of the dominant culture
bureaucracy - ✔✔a type of organization marked by a clear hierarchy of
authority and the existence of written rules of procedure and staffed by full-
time, salaried officials
capitalism - ✔✔an economic system based on the private ownership of wealth,
which is invested and reinvested in order to produce profit
causation - ✔✔the causal influence of one factor, or variable, upon another
,cognition - ✔✔human thought processes involving perception, reasoning, and
remembering
colonialism - ✔✔the process whereby Western nations established their rule in
parts of the world away from their home territories
community policing - ✔✔a renewed emphasis on crime prevention rather than
law enforcement to reintegrate policing within the community
comparative research - ✔✔research that compares one set of findings on one
society with the same type of findings on another society
concrete operational stage - ✔✔a stage of cognitive development, as
formulated by Piaget, in which the child's thinking is based primarily on physical
perception of the world
conflict theory - ✔✔argument that deviance is deliberately chosen and often
political in nature
control theory - ✔✔a theory that views crime as the outcome of an imbalance
between impulses toward criminal activity and controls that deter it
controls - ✔✔statistical or experimental means of holding some variables
constant in order to examine the causal influence of others
corporate crime - ✔✔offenses committed by large corporations in society
, corporate culture - ✔✔an organizational culture involving rituals, events, or
traditions that are unique to a specific company
correlation - ✔✔the regular relationship between two variables, often
expressed in statistical terms
crimes - ✔✔any actions that contravene the laws established by a political
authority
cultural relativism - ✔✔the practice of judging a society by its own standards
cultural turn - ✔✔sociology's recent emphasis on the importance of
understanding the role of culture in daily life
cultural universals - ✔✔values or models of behavior shared by all human
cultures
culture - ✔✔the values, norms, and material goods characteristic of a given
group
cybercrime - ✔✔criminal activities by means of electronic networks or involving
the use of new information technologies
dependent variable - ✔✔a variable, or factor, that causally influenced by
another variable
