BIO 669 Exam 3 Questions AND Correct Answers
A patient presents with flank pain and anuria followed by polyuria after undergoing catheterization of
the ureters. What is the most likely cause? - ✔✔Postrenal acute renal failure
A person with Lupus Erythematosus is most likely to have fatal complications arising from: -
✔✔Immune complex deposition to the glomeruli, leading to severe glomerulonephritis
An increase in mean arterial pressure would result in: - ✔✔An increase in mean arterial pressure
(MAP) stimulates the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which promotes increased water
excretion in the urine.
Because sweat is essentially a salt solution with an osmolarity lower than that of plasma, severe
sweating leads to a reduction in plasma volume and an increase in plasma osmolarity. How do these
changes affect the secretion of ADH? - ✔✔both the decrease in plasma and the increase in plasma
osmolarity stimulate ADH secretion.
How is alveolar volume measured? - ✔✔indirectly by measuring PaO2 or PaCO2.
How is most of the CO2 transported in the blood? - ✔✔As bicarbonate (HCO3-) that can be converted
back to CO2.
Most of the CO2 in the blood is transported in the form of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) dissolved in the
plasma. This bicarbonate can be converted back to CO2 in tissues where it is needed for elimination
through respiration.
Overactive bladder syndrome shows which of the following features?
-Dyssynergia (detrusor and sphincter both contract at the same time)
-Frequency, urgency, weak flow, and nocturia
-Detrusor areflexia
-Excessive sympathetic NS activation - ✔✔Overactive bladder syndrome is characterized by frequency,
urgency, weak flow, and nocturia.
, The amount of quiet inhalation/exhalation in a typical breath is termed what? - ✔✔Tidal Volume
The area where the blood is filtered and proteins are generally separated from the plasma is the: -
✔✔Glomerulus
The biggest stimulus (Driver) of renin release is: - ✔✔The biggest stimulus or driver of renin release is
a decrease in blood pressure or a decrease in sodium delivery to the distal tubules of the kidney.
The most common feature as a result of hyperventilation is...
-Acidosis
-Hypocapnea
-Hypercapnea
-Clubbed Fingers - ✔✔The most common feature as a result of hyperventilation is hypocapnia.
Hypocapnea refers to a low level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood.
Hyperventilation leads to rapid and deep breathing, which causes excessive elimination of CO2 from
the body, leading to hypocapnia. This can result in respiratory alkalosis, where the blood pH is higher
than normal.
The outer capillary epithelium is comprised of _____which fit with others to form filtration slits. -
✔✔podocytes
The ventilation-perfusion ratio is the same in the lung apex and the lung base in a standing normal
person. True or False - ✔✔False. In a standing normal person, the ventilation-perfusion ratio is higher
in the lung base compared to the lung apex. This is due to the effects of gravity, which leads to better
ventilation at the base of the lungs where perfusion is also relatively higher.
Vital Capacity is comprised of all of the following volumes EXCEPT:
Residual Volume
Tidal Volume
A patient presents with flank pain and anuria followed by polyuria after undergoing catheterization of
the ureters. What is the most likely cause? - ✔✔Postrenal acute renal failure
A person with Lupus Erythematosus is most likely to have fatal complications arising from: -
✔✔Immune complex deposition to the glomeruli, leading to severe glomerulonephritis
An increase in mean arterial pressure would result in: - ✔✔An increase in mean arterial pressure
(MAP) stimulates the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which promotes increased water
excretion in the urine.
Because sweat is essentially a salt solution with an osmolarity lower than that of plasma, severe
sweating leads to a reduction in plasma volume and an increase in plasma osmolarity. How do these
changes affect the secretion of ADH? - ✔✔both the decrease in plasma and the increase in plasma
osmolarity stimulate ADH secretion.
How is alveolar volume measured? - ✔✔indirectly by measuring PaO2 or PaCO2.
How is most of the CO2 transported in the blood? - ✔✔As bicarbonate (HCO3-) that can be converted
back to CO2.
Most of the CO2 in the blood is transported in the form of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) dissolved in the
plasma. This bicarbonate can be converted back to CO2 in tissues where it is needed for elimination
through respiration.
Overactive bladder syndrome shows which of the following features?
-Dyssynergia (detrusor and sphincter both contract at the same time)
-Frequency, urgency, weak flow, and nocturia
-Detrusor areflexia
-Excessive sympathetic NS activation - ✔✔Overactive bladder syndrome is characterized by frequency,
urgency, weak flow, and nocturia.
, The amount of quiet inhalation/exhalation in a typical breath is termed what? - ✔✔Tidal Volume
The area where the blood is filtered and proteins are generally separated from the plasma is the: -
✔✔Glomerulus
The biggest stimulus (Driver) of renin release is: - ✔✔The biggest stimulus or driver of renin release is
a decrease in blood pressure or a decrease in sodium delivery to the distal tubules of the kidney.
The most common feature as a result of hyperventilation is...
-Acidosis
-Hypocapnea
-Hypercapnea
-Clubbed Fingers - ✔✔The most common feature as a result of hyperventilation is hypocapnia.
Hypocapnea refers to a low level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood.
Hyperventilation leads to rapid and deep breathing, which causes excessive elimination of CO2 from
the body, leading to hypocapnia. This can result in respiratory alkalosis, where the blood pH is higher
than normal.
The outer capillary epithelium is comprised of _____which fit with others to form filtration slits. -
✔✔podocytes
The ventilation-perfusion ratio is the same in the lung apex and the lung base in a standing normal
person. True or False - ✔✔False. In a standing normal person, the ventilation-perfusion ratio is higher
in the lung base compared to the lung apex. This is due to the effects of gravity, which leads to better
ventilation at the base of the lungs where perfusion is also relatively higher.
Vital Capacity is comprised of all of the following volumes EXCEPT:
Residual Volume
Tidal Volume
