Genetics Vocabulary Questions and Answers (100% Correct Answers) Already Graded A+

Zygote [ Ans: ] a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes (egg and sperm); a fertilized ovum. Sperm [ Ans: ] Male sex cell or gamete (haploid) Egg [ Ans: ] Female sex cell or gamete (haploid) Hybrids [ Ans: ] Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits (opposite of purebred) Genotype [ Ans: ] An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations. Genome [ Ans: ] All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes. Heterozygous [ Ans: ] a genotype consisting of two different alleles of a gene for a trait (Aa) Homologous chromosomes [ Ans: ] Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure Homozygous [ Ans: ] Having two identical alleles for a particular gene on a pair of homologous chromosomes Incomplete Dominance [ Ans: ] Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele. A heterozygous genotype results in a phenotype that is intermediate between homozygous genotypes. F1 generation [ Ans: ] the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms Dominant allele [ Ans: ] an allele that masks the presence of a recessive allele in the phenotype Codominance [ Ans: ] the situation in which two different alleles for a trait are expressed unblended in the phenotype of heterozygous individuals Carrier [ Ans: ] A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype. Alleles [ Ans: ] alternative versions of a gene Sex linked trait [ Ans: ] Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes. Multiple Alleles [ Ans: ] three or more alleles of the same gene Gamete [ Ans: ] sex cell FOIL [ Ans: ] First, outside, inside, last - used to determine all possible combinations of alleles in the gametes for each parent due to the law of independent assortment Independent Assortment [ Ans: ] One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can separate independently during the formation of gametes Law of segregation [ Ans: ] Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete Monohybrid cross [ Ans: ] A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits Punnett Square [ Ans: ] A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross Trait [ Ans: ] A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. Recessive allele [ Ans: ] An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present P generation [ Ans: ] Parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross Offspring [ Ans: ] Product of reproduction, a new organism produced by one or more parents Inherited trait [ Ans: ] A characteristic that is passed from parent to off