EDCO 557 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
Plastic - CORRECT ANSWER -- Human characteristics can be molded into different forms and
shapes, yet people maintain a certain durability.
- Brain's ability to change in response to experience. The brain is most flexible in early life, and
the changes that occur during this time can have a lasting impact on a person's behavior and
health
Object permanence - CORRECT ANSWER -Understanding that objects continue to exist even
when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched
Normal Curve - CORRECT ANSWER -Normal distribution: Symmetrical distribution
- Most scores falling in the middle of the possible range of scores
- Few scores appearing toward the extremes of the range
Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Through the association, neutral stimulus
becomes conditioned stimulus
Ex. In Pavlov's famous experiment, dogs learned to associate the sound of a bell with food.
Operant Conditioning (Skinner) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Through reinforcement weak or rare
response becomes strong frequent response
- Rewards and punishments shape development
Lateralization ( left and right brain) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Specialization of function in one
hemisphere or the other of the brain
- Specialization of the two sides of the brain
- Left brain (logical analysis, language, speech)
, - Right brain (Visual and artistic skills) Singer, actor, artist
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Range of tasks that are too difficult for the child alone but that can be learned with guidan
ce
Conservation - CORRECT ANSWER -
Altering a substance's appearance does not change its basic properties
Infantile amnesia - CORRECT ANSWER -
The inability to remember anything that happened before the age of 2 or anything except
very important events before the age of 5
Bandura's modeling theory (social learning) - CORRECT ANSWER --
Through modeling observed behaviors become copied behaviors
- Learn through observing what others do
Scaffolding - CORRECT ANSWER -- Changing the level of support
- More-skilled person adjusts amount of support to fit child's current performance level
Perseveration - CORRECT ANSWER -
Perseveration is the tendency to persevere, to stick to a thought or action long after it is ti
me to move on. It occurs normally in young children, another aspect of immature self-
control
Who are the psychoanalytic theorists? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Psychoanalytic theories: describe development primarily in terms of unconscious (beyond a
wareness) processes that are heavily colored by emotion.
- Sigmund Freud
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
Plastic - CORRECT ANSWER -- Human characteristics can be molded into different forms and
shapes, yet people maintain a certain durability.
- Brain's ability to change in response to experience. The brain is most flexible in early life, and
the changes that occur during this time can have a lasting impact on a person's behavior and
health
Object permanence - CORRECT ANSWER -Understanding that objects continue to exist even
when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched
Normal Curve - CORRECT ANSWER -Normal distribution: Symmetrical distribution
- Most scores falling in the middle of the possible range of scores
- Few scores appearing toward the extremes of the range
Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Through the association, neutral stimulus
becomes conditioned stimulus
Ex. In Pavlov's famous experiment, dogs learned to associate the sound of a bell with food.
Operant Conditioning (Skinner) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Through reinforcement weak or rare
response becomes strong frequent response
- Rewards and punishments shape development
Lateralization ( left and right brain) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Specialization of function in one
hemisphere or the other of the brain
- Specialization of the two sides of the brain
- Left brain (logical analysis, language, speech)
, - Right brain (Visual and artistic skills) Singer, actor, artist
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Range of tasks that are too difficult for the child alone but that can be learned with guidan
ce
Conservation - CORRECT ANSWER -
Altering a substance's appearance does not change its basic properties
Infantile amnesia - CORRECT ANSWER -
The inability to remember anything that happened before the age of 2 or anything except
very important events before the age of 5
Bandura's modeling theory (social learning) - CORRECT ANSWER --
Through modeling observed behaviors become copied behaviors
- Learn through observing what others do
Scaffolding - CORRECT ANSWER -- Changing the level of support
- More-skilled person adjusts amount of support to fit child's current performance level
Perseveration - CORRECT ANSWER -
Perseveration is the tendency to persevere, to stick to a thought or action long after it is ti
me to move on. It occurs normally in young children, another aspect of immature self-
control
Who are the psychoanalytic theorists? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Psychoanalytic theories: describe development primarily in terms of unconscious (beyond a
wareness) processes that are heavily colored by emotion.
- Sigmund Freud
