IB 150 TEST 2 UIUC QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Allele Correct Answers one of a number of different forms of a
gene
amino acids Correct Answers a simple organic compound
containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2)
group.
and rule Correct Answers if both event X and event Y must
happen in order for a certain outcome to occur, and if X and Y
are independent of each other (don't affect each other's
likelihood), then you can use the product rule to calculate the
probability of the outcome by multiplying the probabilities of X
and Y.
Apply the Chi-Square statistic to test whether observed parental
and recombinant frequencies deviate from expected frequencies
of independently assorting genes more than would be expected
due to chance alone (with p<0.05). Correct Answers By
convention, if we use a test statistic to estimate the probability
that our hypothesis is wrong, we reject the hypothesis if that
probability is 95% or greater. To put it another way, we choose
to reject the hypothesis if there is a 5% or less probability that
we would be making a mistake doing so.
Articulate the utility of model organisms for understanding basic
biological principles, including understanding aspects of human
biology Correct Answers Model organisms are important b/c
we all have a common ancestor, and many of the genes between
,humans, mice, flies, etc. are derived from a common ancestral
gene
a.i. Flies are a good model organism because they reproduce
very quickly and have many offspring, helping study and
understand genetics
Orthologous genes: a gene that had a common origin in a
common ancestor and is now in two species; the species have
mutations on the genes that caused them to speciate and
separate, mutations accumulated. However, gene itself and
function in organism is same.
Autosomes Correct Answers Any chromosome that is not a sex
chromosome
Calculate the probabilities of the genotypes and phenotypes of
offspring from well defined crosses. Correct Answers being
able to read a Punnett square
Calculate the probabilities of the genotypes and phenotypes of
offspring from well-defined crosses. Correct Answers look at
Punnett square and count how many of each there are then
divide by whole
centromere Correct Answers the region of the chromosome that
holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis
centrosome Correct Answers A structure in animal cells
containing centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop.
Chromatid Correct Answers one of two identical "sister" parts
of a duplicated chromosome
, chromatids Correct Answers Bodies of tightly coiled chromatin;
visible during cell division. Two chromatids bound at a
centromere make a CHROMOSOME.
chromosome type Correct Answers distinct segments of the
genome with distinct sets of genes
Chromosomes Correct Answers a threadlike structure of nucleic
acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells,
carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
chromosomes Correct Answers threadlike structures made of
DNA molecules that contain the genes
Codon Correct Answers A specific sequence of three adjacent
bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code
information for a particular amino acid
Compare/Contrast asexual and sexual reproduction, and the
opportunities for genetic diversity afforded by each Correct
Answers asexual republication: The parent cell simply divides
to form two daughter cells that are identical to the parent.
sexual reproduction: Two parents are involved, and the offspring
are not identical to the parents. In fact, each offspring is unique.
Construct linkage maps of linked genes using recombinant
frequencies in centiMorgan (cM) Correct Answers
Cytokinesis Correct Answers division of the cytoplasm to form
two separate daughter cells
SOLUTIONS
Allele Correct Answers one of a number of different forms of a
gene
amino acids Correct Answers a simple organic compound
containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2)
group.
and rule Correct Answers if both event X and event Y must
happen in order for a certain outcome to occur, and if X and Y
are independent of each other (don't affect each other's
likelihood), then you can use the product rule to calculate the
probability of the outcome by multiplying the probabilities of X
and Y.
Apply the Chi-Square statistic to test whether observed parental
and recombinant frequencies deviate from expected frequencies
of independently assorting genes more than would be expected
due to chance alone (with p<0.05). Correct Answers By
convention, if we use a test statistic to estimate the probability
that our hypothesis is wrong, we reject the hypothesis if that
probability is 95% or greater. To put it another way, we choose
to reject the hypothesis if there is a 5% or less probability that
we would be making a mistake doing so.
Articulate the utility of model organisms for understanding basic
biological principles, including understanding aspects of human
biology Correct Answers Model organisms are important b/c
we all have a common ancestor, and many of the genes between
,humans, mice, flies, etc. are derived from a common ancestral
gene
a.i. Flies are a good model organism because they reproduce
very quickly and have many offspring, helping study and
understand genetics
Orthologous genes: a gene that had a common origin in a
common ancestor and is now in two species; the species have
mutations on the genes that caused them to speciate and
separate, mutations accumulated. However, gene itself and
function in organism is same.
Autosomes Correct Answers Any chromosome that is not a sex
chromosome
Calculate the probabilities of the genotypes and phenotypes of
offspring from well defined crosses. Correct Answers being
able to read a Punnett square
Calculate the probabilities of the genotypes and phenotypes of
offspring from well-defined crosses. Correct Answers look at
Punnett square and count how many of each there are then
divide by whole
centromere Correct Answers the region of the chromosome that
holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis
centrosome Correct Answers A structure in animal cells
containing centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop.
Chromatid Correct Answers one of two identical "sister" parts
of a duplicated chromosome
, chromatids Correct Answers Bodies of tightly coiled chromatin;
visible during cell division. Two chromatids bound at a
centromere make a CHROMOSOME.
chromosome type Correct Answers distinct segments of the
genome with distinct sets of genes
Chromosomes Correct Answers a threadlike structure of nucleic
acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells,
carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
chromosomes Correct Answers threadlike structures made of
DNA molecules that contain the genes
Codon Correct Answers A specific sequence of three adjacent
bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code
information for a particular amino acid
Compare/Contrast asexual and sexual reproduction, and the
opportunities for genetic diversity afforded by each Correct
Answers asexual republication: The parent cell simply divides
to form two daughter cells that are identical to the parent.
sexual reproduction: Two parents are involved, and the offspring
are not identical to the parents. In fact, each offspring is unique.
Construct linkage maps of linked genes using recombinant
frequencies in centiMorgan (cM) Correct Answers
Cytokinesis Correct Answers division of the cytoplasm to form
two separate daughter cells
