IB 150 Exam 3 Study set Questions With Complete Solutions
Purebred boxers are one of the dog breeds that have an elevated
likelihood to suffer from heritable cardiomyopathy (abnormal
heart rhythms caused by a pathological ventricle) that can lead
to premature death, and is caused by the presence of a recessive
allele of the gene TTN, which codes for the protein titin. Titin
provides structure, flexibility, and stability to muscle cells.
Genetic testing confirms that the deleterious allele responsible
for this condition is unusually common in boxers compared to
other dog breeds and compared to wolves (wild ancestors of
dogs).
Based on the scenario described at the beginning, and a
comparison of the observed number of individuals to the
expected number of individuals if the population were in Hardy-
Weinberg Equilibrium, which of the following processes is the
most likely to be currently acting on this population of boxers?
Non-random mating - positive assortative mating
Why does gene flow make speciation by reproductive isolation
less likely?
It prevents populations from diverging.
What information do you need to determine if two birds are the
same species using the biological species concept?
If they can produce fertile offspring.
,Rana aurora (red-legged frog) breeds in fast-moving, temporary
streams, whereas its relative Rana catesbiana (Bullfrog) breeds
in permanent ponds. What is the isolating mechanism between
these Species?
Habitat isolation
Which reproductive isolating mechanism operates after the
zygote is formed?
Hybrid sterility
Which answer correctly describes the order of events
that can occur during the process of speciation?
reduced gene flow, selection, reproductive isolation
In which of the following situations would it be impossible for
the indicated mechanism to cause divergence between two
populations of flowering plants?
Pollinators have no preference for flower color and routinely
visit flowers in both populations
Species in a polyphyletic grouping likely have ....
many analogous characters that were mistakenly assumed to be
shared derived characters
'Maximum parsimony' is a general principle with broad
application in science, which states that:
in the absence of additional information, the explanation that
makes the least unsupported assumptions is the most likely.
,Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have
separate circuits: one to the lungs and the other to the rest of the
body?
The decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the
lungs may prevent efficient circulation to the rest of the body
without passing the heart a second time.
Consider the following graph of body size in a population of
insects in 2008 and 2012:
disruptive
Which of the following describes a phylogenetic constraint?
a developmental pathway in a group of organisms that can be
modified by natural selection but that is difficult to reverse
Which of the following is NOT a good explanation for why
crocodiles possess a Foramen of Panizza?
Crocodiles inherited this structure from their common ancestor
with all other reptiles.
If a trait evolves convergently more than once, what is most
likely true?
This trait is most likely adaptive.
Define what a null hypothesis is. What is the null hypothesis for
evolution? What is a prediction associated with this null
hypothesis that you can test for a population? What kind of data
do you need to collect to test this hypothesis?
A null hypothesis describes what would happen if only random
processes are at play.
, The null hypothesis for evolution is that a population is not
evolving, because all alleles are equally likely to be passed on,
as all individuals are equally likely to reproduce, and pass their
alleles on in the same proportions, while mating with a partner
of random genotype for the gene under observation.
The PREDICTION associated with this null hypothesis is that
genotype frequencies will be in Hardy-Weinberg proportions in
the next generation, if (and only if) the null hypothesis is true for
a given gene in a population.
Define what a null hypothesis is:
A null hypothesis describes what would happen if only random
processes are at play.
What is the null hypothesis for evolution:
The null hypothesis for evolution is that a population is not
evolving, because all alleles are equally likely to be passed on,
as all individuals are equally likely to reproduce, and pass their
alleles on in the same proportions, while mating with a partner
of random genotype for the gene under observation.
What is a prediction associated with the null hypothesis for
evolution that you can test for a population?
The PREDICTION associated with this null hypothesis is that
genotype frequencies will be in Hardy-Weinberg proportions in
the next generation, if (and only if) the null hypothesis is true for
a given gene in a population.
Purebred boxers are one of the dog breeds that have an elevated
likelihood to suffer from heritable cardiomyopathy (abnormal
heart rhythms caused by a pathological ventricle) that can lead
to premature death, and is caused by the presence of a recessive
allele of the gene TTN, which codes for the protein titin. Titin
provides structure, flexibility, and stability to muscle cells.
Genetic testing confirms that the deleterious allele responsible
for this condition is unusually common in boxers compared to
other dog breeds and compared to wolves (wild ancestors of
dogs).
Based on the scenario described at the beginning, and a
comparison of the observed number of individuals to the
expected number of individuals if the population were in Hardy-
Weinberg Equilibrium, which of the following processes is the
most likely to be currently acting on this population of boxers?
Non-random mating - positive assortative mating
Why does gene flow make speciation by reproductive isolation
less likely?
It prevents populations from diverging.
What information do you need to determine if two birds are the
same species using the biological species concept?
If they can produce fertile offspring.
,Rana aurora (red-legged frog) breeds in fast-moving, temporary
streams, whereas its relative Rana catesbiana (Bullfrog) breeds
in permanent ponds. What is the isolating mechanism between
these Species?
Habitat isolation
Which reproductive isolating mechanism operates after the
zygote is formed?
Hybrid sterility
Which answer correctly describes the order of events
that can occur during the process of speciation?
reduced gene flow, selection, reproductive isolation
In which of the following situations would it be impossible for
the indicated mechanism to cause divergence between two
populations of flowering plants?
Pollinators have no preference for flower color and routinely
visit flowers in both populations
Species in a polyphyletic grouping likely have ....
many analogous characters that were mistakenly assumed to be
shared derived characters
'Maximum parsimony' is a general principle with broad
application in science, which states that:
in the absence of additional information, the explanation that
makes the least unsupported assumptions is the most likely.
,Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have
separate circuits: one to the lungs and the other to the rest of the
body?
The decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the
lungs may prevent efficient circulation to the rest of the body
without passing the heart a second time.
Consider the following graph of body size in a population of
insects in 2008 and 2012:
disruptive
Which of the following describes a phylogenetic constraint?
a developmental pathway in a group of organisms that can be
modified by natural selection but that is difficult to reverse
Which of the following is NOT a good explanation for why
crocodiles possess a Foramen of Panizza?
Crocodiles inherited this structure from their common ancestor
with all other reptiles.
If a trait evolves convergently more than once, what is most
likely true?
This trait is most likely adaptive.
Define what a null hypothesis is. What is the null hypothesis for
evolution? What is a prediction associated with this null
hypothesis that you can test for a population? What kind of data
do you need to collect to test this hypothesis?
A null hypothesis describes what would happen if only random
processes are at play.
, The null hypothesis for evolution is that a population is not
evolving, because all alleles are equally likely to be passed on,
as all individuals are equally likely to reproduce, and pass their
alleles on in the same proportions, while mating with a partner
of random genotype for the gene under observation.
The PREDICTION associated with this null hypothesis is that
genotype frequencies will be in Hardy-Weinberg proportions in
the next generation, if (and only if) the null hypothesis is true for
a given gene in a population.
Define what a null hypothesis is:
A null hypothesis describes what would happen if only random
processes are at play.
What is the null hypothesis for evolution:
The null hypothesis for evolution is that a population is not
evolving, because all alleles are equally likely to be passed on,
as all individuals are equally likely to reproduce, and pass their
alleles on in the same proportions, while mating with a partner
of random genotype for the gene under observation.
What is a prediction associated with the null hypothesis for
evolution that you can test for a population?
The PREDICTION associated with this null hypothesis is that
genotype frequencies will be in Hardy-Weinberg proportions in
the next generation, if (and only if) the null hypothesis is true for
a given gene in a population.
