Applied Anatomy Final Exam, APPLIED ANATOMY FINAL
What are secondary forearm pronators? - correct answer Brachioradialis
Flexor carpi radialis
Factors affecting ROM - correct answer gender: females> males
age: child>adult>elderly
muscle bulk
ligaments & joint capsule laxity extensibility of skin & subcutaneous tissue
Define Arthrokinematics - correct answer motion of the joint surfaces
gross motion you can see; deals with the bone
Ex. Flex, ext - correct answer Osteokinematics
What motion is produced by the patient based on:
willingness to move
determines: coordination, strength, amount of motion, what its limiting range of motion -
correct answer Active Range of motion
Normal AROM - correct answer smooth
relaxation of antagonist
full- according to body type
pain free
normal strength
What happens with Dysfunctional AROM? - correct answer pain
limited ROM
compensatory motion
unwillingness
What motion is produced by therapist
Provides integrity of joint surfaces extensibility of surrounding soft tissue
,always should be more than AROM
assess end feel - correct answer Passive range of motion
Describe an End feel - correct answer what you feel at the end of motion
Describe the 3 Normal end feels - correct answer soft- soft tissue approximation
firm- stretch capsule, ligament, muscle
hard- bone/cartilage
How should you Measure range of motion with a Goniometer - correct answer proper position
stabilize proximal segment
move distal segment through full ROM
visual estimate
palpate bony landmarks
align goniometer
read & record
What is lined up with axis of motion - correct answer Axis (fulcrum) of goniometer
What is placed parallel to stationary segment in range of motion test - correct answer
stationary arm of goniometer
What is positioned parallel to moving segment in a goniometer test - correct answer moving
arm
name of motion
x-x range of motion (if go beyond 0 report x-0-x)
normal range of motion is x - correct answer Goniometer documentation
The maximal distance between distal & proximal attachments of a muscle - correct answer
Muscle length
has the flexibility & extensibility required to allow normal joint motion - correct answer Normal
muscle length
Abnormal Muscle Length - correct answer reduced or excessive flexibility & extensibility
Factors affecting muscle flexibility & extensibility - correct answer prolonged immobilization
restricted joint mobility
, neuromuscular diseases
traumatic tissue pathology
CT diseases
Conditions of Abnormal Muscle Length - correct answer myostatic contracture: adaptive
shortening of muscle
pseudomyostatic contracture: permanent contraction due to CNS pathology
CT adhesions including per-articular: in response to an injury
Scar tissue adhesions
irreversible contracture: permanent lose of extensibility
Purpose of MLT - correct answer determine if muscle length is normal, limited, or excessive
determine the effect of available muscle length on joint motion: hypomobility, hypermobility,
instability
Principles of MLT - correct answer involves elongating the muscle in the direction opposite of
its action
What is used to measure MLT - correct answer goniometry
tape measure
functional test
Importance of knowing a one joint muscle - correct answer muscle crosses & impact the motion
of 1 joint
only 1 joint will have to be moved to test the muscle
What is the problem with a two joint muscle during a manual muscle test - correct answer
muscles crosses & influence the motion of 2 joints
2 joints will have to be moved to test the muscle
indicated whenever a full range of motion of any joint or joints that the muscle crosses is
limited by the muscle length, rather than by the arrangement of ligaments or structures of the
joint itself - correct answer passive insufficiency
What curvature helps spine to absorb shock
protect the spinal cord & nerve roots
provide stability for head weight & flexibility for movements of the head, neck, and extremities
- correct answer Function of the C-spine
What are secondary forearm pronators? - correct answer Brachioradialis
Flexor carpi radialis
Factors affecting ROM - correct answer gender: females> males
age: child>adult>elderly
muscle bulk
ligaments & joint capsule laxity extensibility of skin & subcutaneous tissue
Define Arthrokinematics - correct answer motion of the joint surfaces
gross motion you can see; deals with the bone
Ex. Flex, ext - correct answer Osteokinematics
What motion is produced by the patient based on:
willingness to move
determines: coordination, strength, amount of motion, what its limiting range of motion -
correct answer Active Range of motion
Normal AROM - correct answer smooth
relaxation of antagonist
full- according to body type
pain free
normal strength
What happens with Dysfunctional AROM? - correct answer pain
limited ROM
compensatory motion
unwillingness
What motion is produced by therapist
Provides integrity of joint surfaces extensibility of surrounding soft tissue
,always should be more than AROM
assess end feel - correct answer Passive range of motion
Describe an End feel - correct answer what you feel at the end of motion
Describe the 3 Normal end feels - correct answer soft- soft tissue approximation
firm- stretch capsule, ligament, muscle
hard- bone/cartilage
How should you Measure range of motion with a Goniometer - correct answer proper position
stabilize proximal segment
move distal segment through full ROM
visual estimate
palpate bony landmarks
align goniometer
read & record
What is lined up with axis of motion - correct answer Axis (fulcrum) of goniometer
What is placed parallel to stationary segment in range of motion test - correct answer
stationary arm of goniometer
What is positioned parallel to moving segment in a goniometer test - correct answer moving
arm
name of motion
x-x range of motion (if go beyond 0 report x-0-x)
normal range of motion is x - correct answer Goniometer documentation
The maximal distance between distal & proximal attachments of a muscle - correct answer
Muscle length
has the flexibility & extensibility required to allow normal joint motion - correct answer Normal
muscle length
Abnormal Muscle Length - correct answer reduced or excessive flexibility & extensibility
Factors affecting muscle flexibility & extensibility - correct answer prolonged immobilization
restricted joint mobility
, neuromuscular diseases
traumatic tissue pathology
CT diseases
Conditions of Abnormal Muscle Length - correct answer myostatic contracture: adaptive
shortening of muscle
pseudomyostatic contracture: permanent contraction due to CNS pathology
CT adhesions including per-articular: in response to an injury
Scar tissue adhesions
irreversible contracture: permanent lose of extensibility
Purpose of MLT - correct answer determine if muscle length is normal, limited, or excessive
determine the effect of available muscle length on joint motion: hypomobility, hypermobility,
instability
Principles of MLT - correct answer involves elongating the muscle in the direction opposite of
its action
What is used to measure MLT - correct answer goniometry
tape measure
functional test
Importance of knowing a one joint muscle - correct answer muscle crosses & impact the motion
of 1 joint
only 1 joint will have to be moved to test the muscle
What is the problem with a two joint muscle during a manual muscle test - correct answer
muscles crosses & influence the motion of 2 joints
2 joints will have to be moved to test the muscle
indicated whenever a full range of motion of any joint or joints that the muscle crosses is
limited by the muscle length, rather than by the arrangement of ligaments or structures of the
joint itself - correct answer passive insufficiency
What curvature helps spine to absorb shock
protect the spinal cord & nerve roots
provide stability for head weight & flexibility for movements of the head, neck, and extremities
- correct answer Function of the C-spine
