Pharmacology Mastery NCLEX-SATA
Challenge – 150 Question Mega Pack
Answers And Rationale Included
2025/2026
1. A nurse is caring for a patient taking furosemide. Which of the
following should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply)
a. Potassium levels
b. Blood pressure
c. Glucose levels
d. Signs of dehydration
e. Liver function tests
Answer: a, b, d
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause hypokalemia,
hypotension, and dehydration. Monitoring glucose and liver function is
not routine for furosemide.
2. A patient is prescribed metformin for type 2 diabetes. Which
instructions should the nurse give? (Select all that apply)
a. Take with meals
b. Report symptoms of lactic acidosis
c. Avoid alcohol
d. Check blood pressure daily
e. Expect possible gastrointestinal upset
Answer: a, b, c, e
Rationale: Metformin should be taken with meals to reduce GI upset.
Lactic acidosis is a rare but serious side effect. Alcohol increases the risk
of lactic acidosis.
, 3. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of nitroglycerin. Which
statements indicate understanding? (Select all that apply)
a. I should sit or lie down when taking this medication
b. I can take up to three doses for chest pain
c. This medication is taken orally once daily
d. Store the tablets in the original dark container
e. Avoid taking with aspirin
Answer: a, b, d
Rationale: Nitroglycerin can cause hypotension, so patients should sit or
lie down. Up to three doses can be taken for chest pain. Tablets must be
stored properly. It is sublingual, not oral once daily, and aspirin
interaction is not relevant.
4. A patient is receiving vancomycin IV. Which interventions should
the nurse perform? (Select all that apply)
a. Monitor peak and trough levels
b. Assess for red man syndrome
c. Infuse over at least 60 minutes
d. Administer as rapid IV push
e. Monitor for hypokalemia
Answer: a, b, c
Rationale: Vancomycin requires therapeutic monitoring (peak/trough),
slow infusion, and watching for red man syndrome. Rapid IV push and
hypokalemia are incorrect concerns.
5. A patient taking corticosteroids should be taught to monitor
which of the following? (Select all that apply)
a. Signs of infection
b. Blood glucose levels
c. Weight gain
, d. Bone density
e. Mood changes
Answer: a, b, d, e
Rationale: Corticosteroids can suppress immunity, increase blood
glucose, reduce bone density, and affect mood. Weight gain may occur
but is not a critical monitoring parameter.
6. A nurse is teaching a patient prescribed lithium. Which
instructions are correct? (Select all that apply)
a. Maintain adequate fluid intake
b. Avoid sudden changes in salt intake
c. Take with antacids to reduce GI upset
d. Report signs of toxicity (tremor, confusion, diarrhea)
e. Avoid caffeine
Answer: a, b, d
Rationale: Lithium levels are affected by hydration and sodium intake.
Patients must report signs of toxicity. Antacids and caffeine do not
prevent toxicity.
7. A patient is prescribed warfarin. Which should the nurse include
in teaching? (Select all that apply)
a. Monitor INR regularly
b. Avoid foods high in vitamin K
c. Report any signs of bleeding
d. Take daily aspirin to enhance effect
e. Increase intake of leafy greens
Answer: a, b, c
Rationale: Warfarin requires INR monitoring, dietary vitamin K
consistency, and bleeding precautions. Aspirin increases bleeding risk;
leafy greens in excess can reduce effectiveness.
, 8. A patient with asthma is prescribed albuterol inhaler. Which
instructions should the nurse provide? (Select all that apply)
a. Use before exercise to prevent bronchospasm
b. Rinse mouth after use
c. Monitor for tachycardia
d. Take at bedtime for long-term control
e. Avoid taking with antihistamines
Answer: a, c
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting bronchodilator. Rinsing is
recommended for corticosteroids, not albuterol. Tachycardia is a
common side effect. Long-term control is achieved with inhaled
corticosteroids.
9. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving digoxin. Which should be
monitored? (Select all that apply)
a. Apical pulse for one full minute
b. Serum digoxin level
c. Potassium level
d. Liver function tests
e. Blood pressure
Answer: a, b, c
Rationale: Digoxin toxicity is influenced by potassium levels. Apical
pulse and serum digoxin levels must be monitored. Liver function and BP
are not primary monitoring concerns.
10. A patient is prescribed allopurinol. Which statements are
correct? (Select all that apply)
a. Increase fluid intake to prevent kidney stones
b. Report rash immediately
c. Take on an empty stomach
Challenge – 150 Question Mega Pack
Answers And Rationale Included
2025/2026
1. A nurse is caring for a patient taking furosemide. Which of the
following should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply)
a. Potassium levels
b. Blood pressure
c. Glucose levels
d. Signs of dehydration
e. Liver function tests
Answer: a, b, d
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause hypokalemia,
hypotension, and dehydration. Monitoring glucose and liver function is
not routine for furosemide.
2. A patient is prescribed metformin for type 2 diabetes. Which
instructions should the nurse give? (Select all that apply)
a. Take with meals
b. Report symptoms of lactic acidosis
c. Avoid alcohol
d. Check blood pressure daily
e. Expect possible gastrointestinal upset
Answer: a, b, c, e
Rationale: Metformin should be taken with meals to reduce GI upset.
Lactic acidosis is a rare but serious side effect. Alcohol increases the risk
of lactic acidosis.
, 3. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of nitroglycerin. Which
statements indicate understanding? (Select all that apply)
a. I should sit or lie down when taking this medication
b. I can take up to three doses for chest pain
c. This medication is taken orally once daily
d. Store the tablets in the original dark container
e. Avoid taking with aspirin
Answer: a, b, d
Rationale: Nitroglycerin can cause hypotension, so patients should sit or
lie down. Up to three doses can be taken for chest pain. Tablets must be
stored properly. It is sublingual, not oral once daily, and aspirin
interaction is not relevant.
4. A patient is receiving vancomycin IV. Which interventions should
the nurse perform? (Select all that apply)
a. Monitor peak and trough levels
b. Assess for red man syndrome
c. Infuse over at least 60 minutes
d. Administer as rapid IV push
e. Monitor for hypokalemia
Answer: a, b, c
Rationale: Vancomycin requires therapeutic monitoring (peak/trough),
slow infusion, and watching for red man syndrome. Rapid IV push and
hypokalemia are incorrect concerns.
5. A patient taking corticosteroids should be taught to monitor
which of the following? (Select all that apply)
a. Signs of infection
b. Blood glucose levels
c. Weight gain
, d. Bone density
e. Mood changes
Answer: a, b, d, e
Rationale: Corticosteroids can suppress immunity, increase blood
glucose, reduce bone density, and affect mood. Weight gain may occur
but is not a critical monitoring parameter.
6. A nurse is teaching a patient prescribed lithium. Which
instructions are correct? (Select all that apply)
a. Maintain adequate fluid intake
b. Avoid sudden changes in salt intake
c. Take with antacids to reduce GI upset
d. Report signs of toxicity (tremor, confusion, diarrhea)
e. Avoid caffeine
Answer: a, b, d
Rationale: Lithium levels are affected by hydration and sodium intake.
Patients must report signs of toxicity. Antacids and caffeine do not
prevent toxicity.
7. A patient is prescribed warfarin. Which should the nurse include
in teaching? (Select all that apply)
a. Monitor INR regularly
b. Avoid foods high in vitamin K
c. Report any signs of bleeding
d. Take daily aspirin to enhance effect
e. Increase intake of leafy greens
Answer: a, b, c
Rationale: Warfarin requires INR monitoring, dietary vitamin K
consistency, and bleeding precautions. Aspirin increases bleeding risk;
leafy greens in excess can reduce effectiveness.
, 8. A patient with asthma is prescribed albuterol inhaler. Which
instructions should the nurse provide? (Select all that apply)
a. Use before exercise to prevent bronchospasm
b. Rinse mouth after use
c. Monitor for tachycardia
d. Take at bedtime for long-term control
e. Avoid taking with antihistamines
Answer: a, c
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting bronchodilator. Rinsing is
recommended for corticosteroids, not albuterol. Tachycardia is a
common side effect. Long-term control is achieved with inhaled
corticosteroids.
9. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving digoxin. Which should be
monitored? (Select all that apply)
a. Apical pulse for one full minute
b. Serum digoxin level
c. Potassium level
d. Liver function tests
e. Blood pressure
Answer: a, b, c
Rationale: Digoxin toxicity is influenced by potassium levels. Apical
pulse and serum digoxin levels must be monitored. Liver function and BP
are not primary monitoring concerns.
10. A patient is prescribed allopurinol. Which statements are
correct? (Select all that apply)
a. Increase fluid intake to prevent kidney stones
b. Report rash immediately
c. Take on an empty stomach
