MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING EXAM FULL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 GRADED A+
◉ Which conditions cause "Painful" acute loss of vision? Answer:
acute glaucoma
endophalmitis
uveitis
keratoconus (vision can deteriorate rapidly and is associated with
photophobia)
◉ which conditions cause a " transient" Nontraumatic causes of
acute binocular loss of vision? Answer: migraine
vertebrobasilar insufficiency (transient)
◉ which conditions cause a " prolonged" Nontraumatic causes of
acute binocular loss of vision? Answer: Stroke
poisons/ toxic optic neuropathy (e.g. methanol, quinine,
ethambutol, ergot alkaloids, salicylates)
posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES)
optic or retrobulbar neuritis
hysteria
malingering
,◉ Post-traumatic causes of loss of vision? Answer: From 'front to
back':
lid injury
orbital blow-out fracture
corneal abrasion, irregularity or laceration
hyphema
traumatic mydriasis
traumatic iritis
ruptured globe
traumatic cataract
lens dislocation
commotio retinae
retinal detachment
retinal or vitreous hemorrhage
intra-ocular foreign body
traumatic optic neuropathy or optic nerve avulsion
CNS injury
◉ What cahnges occur in glaucoma that are evident on fundoscopy?
Answer: Large cup to disc ratio
,Progressive cupping
Vertical cupping
Asymmetric optic nerve head cupping
Notching of the neuroretinal rim
Disc hemorrhage
◉ What is gonioscopy? Answer: normally used in conjunction with a
slit lamp or operating microscope to gain a view of the iridocorneal
angle, or the anatomical angle formed between the eye's cornea and
iris.
◉ What is tonometry? Answer: Tonometry is the procedure an
instrument is placed in contact with the cornea to determine the
intraocular pressure (IOP), the fluid pressure inside the eye.
◉ what is strabismus? Answer: Strabismus is misalignment of the
eyes such that both eyes are not simultaneously directed at the same
object.
◉ what would be the cause of a patient with paralytic strabismus?
Answer: A problem with the extra occular muscles or the nerves
innovating them
, ◉ which three nerves are involved in innervating the extraoccular
muscles? Answer: CN: III, IV & VI
◉ what defining symptom would an impairment in An impairment
of cranial nerve III likely cause? Answer: associated eye to deviate
down and out and may or may not affect the size of the pupil.
◉ what defining symptom and possible cause would an impairment
in An impairment of cranial nerve IV likely be? Answer: can be
congenital, causes the eye to drift up and perhaps slightly inward
◉ what defining symptom would an impairment in An impairment
of cranial nerve VI likely cause? Answer: causes the eyes to deviate
inward and has many causes due to the relatively long path of the
nerve.
◉ can raised ICP cause strabismus Answer: yes, y compressing the
nerve that runs between Clivus & briain stem
◉ Why must we be careful using forceps during newbornes during
birthing, what can happen during, if not careful? .. and cause
strabismus Answer: Twisting the babies neck during delivery can
damage CN VI
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 GRADED A+
◉ Which conditions cause "Painful" acute loss of vision? Answer:
acute glaucoma
endophalmitis
uveitis
keratoconus (vision can deteriorate rapidly and is associated with
photophobia)
◉ which conditions cause a " transient" Nontraumatic causes of
acute binocular loss of vision? Answer: migraine
vertebrobasilar insufficiency (transient)
◉ which conditions cause a " prolonged" Nontraumatic causes of
acute binocular loss of vision? Answer: Stroke
poisons/ toxic optic neuropathy (e.g. methanol, quinine,
ethambutol, ergot alkaloids, salicylates)
posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES)
optic or retrobulbar neuritis
hysteria
malingering
,◉ Post-traumatic causes of loss of vision? Answer: From 'front to
back':
lid injury
orbital blow-out fracture
corneal abrasion, irregularity or laceration
hyphema
traumatic mydriasis
traumatic iritis
ruptured globe
traumatic cataract
lens dislocation
commotio retinae
retinal detachment
retinal or vitreous hemorrhage
intra-ocular foreign body
traumatic optic neuropathy or optic nerve avulsion
CNS injury
◉ What cahnges occur in glaucoma that are evident on fundoscopy?
Answer: Large cup to disc ratio
,Progressive cupping
Vertical cupping
Asymmetric optic nerve head cupping
Notching of the neuroretinal rim
Disc hemorrhage
◉ What is gonioscopy? Answer: normally used in conjunction with a
slit lamp or operating microscope to gain a view of the iridocorneal
angle, or the anatomical angle formed between the eye's cornea and
iris.
◉ What is tonometry? Answer: Tonometry is the procedure an
instrument is placed in contact with the cornea to determine the
intraocular pressure (IOP), the fluid pressure inside the eye.
◉ what is strabismus? Answer: Strabismus is misalignment of the
eyes such that both eyes are not simultaneously directed at the same
object.
◉ what would be the cause of a patient with paralytic strabismus?
Answer: A problem with the extra occular muscles or the nerves
innovating them
, ◉ which three nerves are involved in innervating the extraoccular
muscles? Answer: CN: III, IV & VI
◉ what defining symptom would an impairment in An impairment
of cranial nerve III likely cause? Answer: associated eye to deviate
down and out and may or may not affect the size of the pupil.
◉ what defining symptom and possible cause would an impairment
in An impairment of cranial nerve IV likely be? Answer: can be
congenital, causes the eye to drift up and perhaps slightly inward
◉ what defining symptom would an impairment in An impairment
of cranial nerve VI likely cause? Answer: causes the eyes to deviate
inward and has many causes due to the relatively long path of the
nerve.
◉ can raised ICP cause strabismus Answer: yes, y compressing the
nerve that runs between Clivus & briain stem
◉ Why must we be careful using forceps during newbornes during
birthing, what can happen during, if not careful? .. and cause
strabismus Answer: Twisting the babies neck during delivery can
damage CN VI
