HOSA Pharmacology EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2026-2027
NEW VERSION
Method of describing the process of absorption, distribution, metabolism, & elimination
(ADME) of drug w/i the body mathematically. - answer>>>Pharmacokinetic Modeling
Activity of a drug w/i the body over a period of time; includes absorption, distribution,
metabolism, & elimination (ADME). - answer>>>Pharmacokinetics
Effect of a drug in preventing infection or disease. - answer>>>Prophylaxis
Itching Sensation. - answer>>>Pruritus
Protein molecule on the surface of or w/i a cell that recognizes & binds w/ specific
molecules, thereby producing some effect w/i the cell. - answer>>>Receptor
Secondary response to a drug other than the primary therapeutic effect for which the
drug was inteneded. - answer>>>Side Effect
Ability of a drug to dissolve in body fluids. - answer>>>Solubility
Property of a cell receptor that enables it to bind only w/ a specific chemical messenger
complementary to the structure of the receptor. - answer>>>Specificity
Action of a drug that has generalized - the all-inclusive effect of the drug on the body. -
answer>>>Systemic Effect
Desired action of a drug in the treatment of a particular disease , state, or symptom. -
answer>>>Therapeutic Effect
, -
Amount of a drug in the blood @ which beneficial effects occur. The amt. of time required
to achieve this can be shortened by administering a loading dose. - answer>>>Therapeutic
Level
Optimum Dosage, providing the best chance for achieving the most effective & desired
action... Dosing below this range has little effect, while dosing above this level
(overdosing) can lead to toxicity & death. - answer>>>Therapeutic Range
Decrease in response to the effects of a drug as it continues to be administered. -
answer>>>Tolerance
Lowest level of a drug in the blood. - answer>>>Trough
Hives, itching sensation. - answer>>>Urticaria
mathematical relationship betw. the blood concentration attained & the amt. of drug
administered. - answer>>>Volume Of Distribution
Slightly elevated, red areas on the surface of the body. - answer>>>Wheals
Drugs for which the rate of elimination is not concentration dependent (as opposed to
_____ _ _____). - answer>>>Zero-Order
A research design in which the subjects are purposely unaware of whether the substance
they are administered is the drug under study or the placebo. This method serves to
eliminate bias on the part of research subjects in reporting their body's responses to
investigational drugs. - answer>>>Blinded investigational drug study
Any drugs listed on one of the "schedules" of the Controlled Substance Act (Also called
scheduled drugs). - answer>>>Controlled substances
,A research design in which both of the investigator(s) and the subjects are purposely
unaware of whether the substance administered to a given subject is the drug under
study or the placebo. This method eliminates bias on the part of both investigator and the
subject. - answer>>>Double-blind investigational drug study
Variation in response to a drug because of a patient's age, gender, size, and/or body
composition. - answer>>>Drug polymorphism
Acceleration of the usual investigational new drug approval process by the U.S. Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) and pharmaceutical companies, usually for drugs used to treat
life-threatening diseases. - answer>>>Expedited drug approval
Written permission obtained from a patient consenting to
the performance of a specific procedure (e.g. receiving and investigational drug), after the
patient has been given information regarding the procedure deemed necessary for the
patient to make a sound or "informed" decision. - answer>>>Informed consent
A drug not approved for marketing by the FDA but available for use in experiments to
determine its safety and efficacy - answer>>>Investigational new drug (IND)
Another name for prescription drugs. - answer>>>Legend drugs
Applied to drugs that produced insensibility or stupor, especially the opioids (e.g.,
morphine, heroin). The term is currently used in clinical settings to refer to and medically
administered controlled substance and in legal settings to refer to any illicit or "street"
drug. - answer>>>Narcotic
The type of application that a drug manufacturer
submits to the FDA following successful completion of required human research studies -
answer>>>New drug application
, -
A special category of drugs that have been identified to help
or treat patients with rare diseases. - answer>>>Orphan drugs
Drugs available to consumers without a prescription. - answer>>>Over the counter drugs
An inactive (inert) substance that is not a drug but is formulated to resemble a drug for
research purposes. - answer>>>Placebo
Required drug manufacturers to list on the drug product label the presence of dangerous
and possibly addicting substances; recognized the U.S . Pharmacopeia and National
Formulary
as printed references standards for drugs. - answer>>>Drug Legislation - FFDA
Prohibited fraudulent claims for drug products - answer>>>Drug Legislation - Sherley
Amendment
Established the legal term narcotic and regulated the manufacturer and sale of habit
forming drugs - answer>>>Drug Legislation - Harrison Narcotic act (1914)
Required drug manufacturers to provide data proving drug safety with FDA review;
established the investigational new drug application process (prompted by sulfanilamide
elixir tragedy) - answer>>>Drug Legislation - FFDCA
Established "schedules" for controlled substances; promoted drug addiction education,
research, and treatment. - answer>>>Drug Legislation - Controlled Substance Act (1970)
Enabled faster approval by the FDA of drugs to life threatening illnesses (prompted by the
HIV/AIDS epidemic) - answer>>>Drug Legislation - Accelerated Drug Review Regulations
(1991)
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2026-2027
NEW VERSION
Method of describing the process of absorption, distribution, metabolism, & elimination
(ADME) of drug w/i the body mathematically. - answer>>>Pharmacokinetic Modeling
Activity of a drug w/i the body over a period of time; includes absorption, distribution,
metabolism, & elimination (ADME). - answer>>>Pharmacokinetics
Effect of a drug in preventing infection or disease. - answer>>>Prophylaxis
Itching Sensation. - answer>>>Pruritus
Protein molecule on the surface of or w/i a cell that recognizes & binds w/ specific
molecules, thereby producing some effect w/i the cell. - answer>>>Receptor
Secondary response to a drug other than the primary therapeutic effect for which the
drug was inteneded. - answer>>>Side Effect
Ability of a drug to dissolve in body fluids. - answer>>>Solubility
Property of a cell receptor that enables it to bind only w/ a specific chemical messenger
complementary to the structure of the receptor. - answer>>>Specificity
Action of a drug that has generalized - the all-inclusive effect of the drug on the body. -
answer>>>Systemic Effect
Desired action of a drug in the treatment of a particular disease , state, or symptom. -
answer>>>Therapeutic Effect
, -
Amount of a drug in the blood @ which beneficial effects occur. The amt. of time required
to achieve this can be shortened by administering a loading dose. - answer>>>Therapeutic
Level
Optimum Dosage, providing the best chance for achieving the most effective & desired
action... Dosing below this range has little effect, while dosing above this level
(overdosing) can lead to toxicity & death. - answer>>>Therapeutic Range
Decrease in response to the effects of a drug as it continues to be administered. -
answer>>>Tolerance
Lowest level of a drug in the blood. - answer>>>Trough
Hives, itching sensation. - answer>>>Urticaria
mathematical relationship betw. the blood concentration attained & the amt. of drug
administered. - answer>>>Volume Of Distribution
Slightly elevated, red areas on the surface of the body. - answer>>>Wheals
Drugs for which the rate of elimination is not concentration dependent (as opposed to
_____ _ _____). - answer>>>Zero-Order
A research design in which the subjects are purposely unaware of whether the substance
they are administered is the drug under study or the placebo. This method serves to
eliminate bias on the part of research subjects in reporting their body's responses to
investigational drugs. - answer>>>Blinded investigational drug study
Any drugs listed on one of the "schedules" of the Controlled Substance Act (Also called
scheduled drugs). - answer>>>Controlled substances
,A research design in which both of the investigator(s) and the subjects are purposely
unaware of whether the substance administered to a given subject is the drug under
study or the placebo. This method eliminates bias on the part of both investigator and the
subject. - answer>>>Double-blind investigational drug study
Variation in response to a drug because of a patient's age, gender, size, and/or body
composition. - answer>>>Drug polymorphism
Acceleration of the usual investigational new drug approval process by the U.S. Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) and pharmaceutical companies, usually for drugs used to treat
life-threatening diseases. - answer>>>Expedited drug approval
Written permission obtained from a patient consenting to
the performance of a specific procedure (e.g. receiving and investigational drug), after the
patient has been given information regarding the procedure deemed necessary for the
patient to make a sound or "informed" decision. - answer>>>Informed consent
A drug not approved for marketing by the FDA but available for use in experiments to
determine its safety and efficacy - answer>>>Investigational new drug (IND)
Another name for prescription drugs. - answer>>>Legend drugs
Applied to drugs that produced insensibility or stupor, especially the opioids (e.g.,
morphine, heroin). The term is currently used in clinical settings to refer to and medically
administered controlled substance and in legal settings to refer to any illicit or "street"
drug. - answer>>>Narcotic
The type of application that a drug manufacturer
submits to the FDA following successful completion of required human research studies -
answer>>>New drug application
, -
A special category of drugs that have been identified to help
or treat patients with rare diseases. - answer>>>Orphan drugs
Drugs available to consumers without a prescription. - answer>>>Over the counter drugs
An inactive (inert) substance that is not a drug but is formulated to resemble a drug for
research purposes. - answer>>>Placebo
Required drug manufacturers to list on the drug product label the presence of dangerous
and possibly addicting substances; recognized the U.S . Pharmacopeia and National
Formulary
as printed references standards for drugs. - answer>>>Drug Legislation - FFDA
Prohibited fraudulent claims for drug products - answer>>>Drug Legislation - Sherley
Amendment
Established the legal term narcotic and regulated the manufacturer and sale of habit
forming drugs - answer>>>Drug Legislation - Harrison Narcotic act (1914)
Required drug manufacturers to provide data proving drug safety with FDA review;
established the investigational new drug application process (prompted by sulfanilamide
elixir tragedy) - answer>>>Drug Legislation - FFDCA
Established "schedules" for controlled substances; promoted drug addiction education,
research, and treatment. - answer>>>Drug Legislation - Controlled Substance Act (1970)
Enabled faster approval by the FDA of drugs to life threatening illnesses (prompted by the
HIV/AIDS epidemic) - answer>>>Drug Legislation - Accelerated Drug Review Regulations
(1991)
