SHS 311 - EXAM 2B QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
1. endolymph is-ANSWER- in scala media; high in potassium
2. k+-ANSWER- potassium
3. more potassium is located-ANSWER- inside neurons
4. perilymph is-ANSWER- scala tympani and scala vestibuli; high in sodium
5. Na+-ANSWER- sodium
6. more sodium is located-ANSWER- outside the neurons
7. the inner ear is a _____________ system-ANSWER- non-linear
8. with voltage difference there is-ANSWER- positive on one side and negative on the other side
9. organ or corti does not let-ANSWER- fluids mix; when fluids. mix we get action potential
10. constant voltage different is within-ANSWER- the cochlea
11. voltage potential-ANSWER- how we go from mechanical energy to electrical energy
12. mechanical energy-ANSWER- typanic membrane moving back and forth; fluid wave that gets
shoved through the
cochlea
13. when does mechanical energy turn into electrical energy?-ANSWER- at the level of the hair
cell;
largely done by the. inner hair cells
14. action potential-ANSWER- sending signal to the brain to understand
15. auditory transduction-ANSWER- basilar membrane traveling wave (mechanical) -> shearing
motion of hair cells
(mechanical) -> voltage potential changes inside hair cells (electrical)
16. inner hair cells-ANSWER- the biological transducers for hearing, changing mechanical
vibrations into neural respons
es (action potentials) that are relayed to the brainstem and brain by the auditory nerve
,17. how many layers do outer hair cells have?-ANSWER- 3
18. how many layers does the inner hair cells have?-ANSWER- 1
19. ion channels at the top links open and close in response to-ANSWER- the shearing motion
20. below the hair cell is ________ ________, above stereocilia is _______ _________,-
ANSWER-
basilar membrane; tectorial membrane
21. Basilar membrane moves up, the entire hair cell moves up, stereocilia bangs
to the tectorial membrane, and they bend-ANSWER- when they bend, we pull on tip links,
which is going
to open the trap door, and allow the fluid to flow into the cell body to get that action potential
22. half-wave rectification-ANSWER- ion channels open to generate neural signals only during
the upward movement
of basilar membrane
23. the hair cell bodies are in-ANSWER- perilymph
24. the stereocillia are in-ANSWER- endolymph
SHS 311 - exam 2b
Study online at https-ANSWER-//quizlet.com/_dzkok9
25. perilymph have different ________ _______ and different __________ _______-ANSWER-
ionic
compositions; resting potentials
26. ________ _________ maintains the ionic composition and resting potentials of
cochlear fluids-ANSWER- stria vascularis
27. the potential difference between endolymph and hair cells is-ANSWER- 150 mV
28. potassium flows down the voltage gradient from ___________ to _____ ______
_____ to generate the action potentials-ANSWER- endolymph; hair cell bodies
29. when the ions mix, the outer hair cells-ANSWER- "jiggle"
, 30. outer hair cells are-ANSWER- cochlear amplifier
31. rather than triggering action potentials that travel in the auditory nerve, the
potential changed result in-ANSWER- size changes of the outer hair cells, which happen on a
cycle by cycle basis
following the sound pressure waveform
32. the fast motility in response to even high frequencies of stimulation is due
to a-ANSWER- special protein (actins) contained in the outer hair cells, which enables muscle-
like contractions
33. cochlear amplifier-ANSWER- introducing an electric pulse in the outer hair cell and getting in
to contract
34. the basilar membrane is moving in-ANSWER- response to this fluid wave
35. the basilar membrane is pushing up on the ____ _______ that push into ________
_________, and we get fluid exchange; this causes more of a wave to occur-ANSWER- cell
bodies; tectorial membrane
36. outer hair cells are cochlear amplifier-ANSWER- fluid wave goes through, they contract, they
add energy
to the system
37. cochlea is a non-linear system-ANSWER- input comes in, add energy, different output
38. as outer hair cells change size in response to BM vibration, energy is added
back to the cochlea-ANSWER- making the cochlear processing active rather than passive
39. the motile response effectively amplifies the BM vibration-ANSWER- responsible for its
remark
able sensitivity, high frequency selectivity, and nonlinear compression
40. cochlear is a-ANSWER- active processes
41. wherever we peak in the basilar membrane-ANSWER- it gets sent up to the brain
42. solid line is OHC; dotted line is lost OHC-ANSWER- no OHC you get less of a peak
43. displacement-ANSWER- how much the basilar membrane moves
ANSWERS 2026
1. endolymph is-ANSWER- in scala media; high in potassium
2. k+-ANSWER- potassium
3. more potassium is located-ANSWER- inside neurons
4. perilymph is-ANSWER- scala tympani and scala vestibuli; high in sodium
5. Na+-ANSWER- sodium
6. more sodium is located-ANSWER- outside the neurons
7. the inner ear is a _____________ system-ANSWER- non-linear
8. with voltage difference there is-ANSWER- positive on one side and negative on the other side
9. organ or corti does not let-ANSWER- fluids mix; when fluids. mix we get action potential
10. constant voltage different is within-ANSWER- the cochlea
11. voltage potential-ANSWER- how we go from mechanical energy to electrical energy
12. mechanical energy-ANSWER- typanic membrane moving back and forth; fluid wave that gets
shoved through the
cochlea
13. when does mechanical energy turn into electrical energy?-ANSWER- at the level of the hair
cell;
largely done by the. inner hair cells
14. action potential-ANSWER- sending signal to the brain to understand
15. auditory transduction-ANSWER- basilar membrane traveling wave (mechanical) -> shearing
motion of hair cells
(mechanical) -> voltage potential changes inside hair cells (electrical)
16. inner hair cells-ANSWER- the biological transducers for hearing, changing mechanical
vibrations into neural respons
es (action potentials) that are relayed to the brainstem and brain by the auditory nerve
,17. how many layers do outer hair cells have?-ANSWER- 3
18. how many layers does the inner hair cells have?-ANSWER- 1
19. ion channels at the top links open and close in response to-ANSWER- the shearing motion
20. below the hair cell is ________ ________, above stereocilia is _______ _________,-
ANSWER-
basilar membrane; tectorial membrane
21. Basilar membrane moves up, the entire hair cell moves up, stereocilia bangs
to the tectorial membrane, and they bend-ANSWER- when they bend, we pull on tip links,
which is going
to open the trap door, and allow the fluid to flow into the cell body to get that action potential
22. half-wave rectification-ANSWER- ion channels open to generate neural signals only during
the upward movement
of basilar membrane
23. the hair cell bodies are in-ANSWER- perilymph
24. the stereocillia are in-ANSWER- endolymph
SHS 311 - exam 2b
Study online at https-ANSWER-//quizlet.com/_dzkok9
25. perilymph have different ________ _______ and different __________ _______-ANSWER-
ionic
compositions; resting potentials
26. ________ _________ maintains the ionic composition and resting potentials of
cochlear fluids-ANSWER- stria vascularis
27. the potential difference between endolymph and hair cells is-ANSWER- 150 mV
28. potassium flows down the voltage gradient from ___________ to _____ ______
_____ to generate the action potentials-ANSWER- endolymph; hair cell bodies
29. when the ions mix, the outer hair cells-ANSWER- "jiggle"
, 30. outer hair cells are-ANSWER- cochlear amplifier
31. rather than triggering action potentials that travel in the auditory nerve, the
potential changed result in-ANSWER- size changes of the outer hair cells, which happen on a
cycle by cycle basis
following the sound pressure waveform
32. the fast motility in response to even high frequencies of stimulation is due
to a-ANSWER- special protein (actins) contained in the outer hair cells, which enables muscle-
like contractions
33. cochlear amplifier-ANSWER- introducing an electric pulse in the outer hair cell and getting in
to contract
34. the basilar membrane is moving in-ANSWER- response to this fluid wave
35. the basilar membrane is pushing up on the ____ _______ that push into ________
_________, and we get fluid exchange; this causes more of a wave to occur-ANSWER- cell
bodies; tectorial membrane
36. outer hair cells are cochlear amplifier-ANSWER- fluid wave goes through, they contract, they
add energy
to the system
37. cochlea is a non-linear system-ANSWER- input comes in, add energy, different output
38. as outer hair cells change size in response to BM vibration, energy is added
back to the cochlea-ANSWER- making the cochlear processing active rather than passive
39. the motile response effectively amplifies the BM vibration-ANSWER- responsible for its
remark
able sensitivity, high frequency selectivity, and nonlinear compression
40. cochlear is a-ANSWER- active processes
41. wherever we peak in the basilar membrane-ANSWER- it gets sent up to the brain
42. solid line is OHC; dotted line is lost OHC-ANSWER- no OHC you get less of a peak
43. displacement-ANSWER- how much the basilar membrane moves
