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NUR 529 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
Hemostasis Ans: The process that stops bleeding while maintaining
blood flow within the vascular system.
Vascular Constriction Ans: Immediate vessel constriction after injury,
triggered by endothelin release and neural reflexes, reducing blood loss
and allowing time for platelet plug formation.
Platelet Plug Formation Ans: The process where platelets adhere to
exposed collagen via von Willebrand factor (vWF), release ADP,
thromboxane A₂, and serotonin, and link via fibrinogen bridges to form a
temporary plug.
Coagulation Cascade Ans: Converts fibrinogen to fibrin, stabilizing the
platelet plug through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways leading to thrombin
and fibrin formation.
Intrinsic Pathway Ans: Activated by blood contact with damaged
endothelium.
Extrinsic Pathway Ans: Triggered by tissue factor (TF) release from
injured cells.
Clot retraction and dissolution Ans: Final step of hemostasis involving
fibrinolysis by plasmin.
Thrombocytopenia Ans: Decreased platelet count leading to bleeding
disorders.
Thrombocytopathia Ans: Dysfunctional platelets causing bleeding
disorders.
Petechiae Ans: Small pinpoint hemorrhages.
Purpura Ans: Larger, flat, purple areas of bleeding.
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Anemia Ans: A condition characterized by decreased red blood cells
(RBCs) or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen transport.
Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia Ans: Characterized by small, pale
RBCs, commonly due to iron deficiency.
Normocytic, Normochromic Anemia Ans: Normal sized and colored
RBCs, variable reticulocyte count, seen in acute blood loss or chronic
disease.
Macrocytic (Megaloblastic) Anemia Ans: Characterized by large RBCs,
often due to B12 or folate deficiency.
Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) Ans: Most common anemia worldwide,
due to insufficient iron for hemoglobin synthesis.
Clinical Manifestations of IDA Ans: Fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia,
spoon-shaped nails (koilonychia), glossitis, and pica.
Infectious Mononucleosis Ans: A viral infection caused by Epstein-Barr
Virus (EBV), transmitted via saliva.
Clinical Course of Infectious Mononucleosis Ans: Incubation of 4-8
weeks, followed by sore throat, fever, lymphadenopathy, fatigue, and
hepatosplenomegaly.
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Ans: A malignant disorder of lymphoid tissue
characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells.
Reed-Sternberg Cells Ans: Large, multinucleated B cells found in
Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
Painless lymphadenopathy Ans: Swelling of lymph nodes in the neck,
axilla, or groin without pain.
B symptoms Ans: Symptoms including fever, night sweats, and weight
loss.
Fatigue Ans: A state of extreme tiredness or exhaustion.
NUR 529 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
Hemostasis Ans: The process that stops bleeding while maintaining
blood flow within the vascular system.
Vascular Constriction Ans: Immediate vessel constriction after injury,
triggered by endothelin release and neural reflexes, reducing blood loss
and allowing time for platelet plug formation.
Platelet Plug Formation Ans: The process where platelets adhere to
exposed collagen via von Willebrand factor (vWF), release ADP,
thromboxane A₂, and serotonin, and link via fibrinogen bridges to form a
temporary plug.
Coagulation Cascade Ans: Converts fibrinogen to fibrin, stabilizing the
platelet plug through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways leading to thrombin
and fibrin formation.
Intrinsic Pathway Ans: Activated by blood contact with damaged
endothelium.
Extrinsic Pathway Ans: Triggered by tissue factor (TF) release from
injured cells.
Clot retraction and dissolution Ans: Final step of hemostasis involving
fibrinolysis by plasmin.
Thrombocytopenia Ans: Decreased platelet count leading to bleeding
disorders.
Thrombocytopathia Ans: Dysfunctional platelets causing bleeding
disorders.
Petechiae Ans: Small pinpoint hemorrhages.
Purpura Ans: Larger, flat, purple areas of bleeding.
, Page | 2
Anemia Ans: A condition characterized by decreased red blood cells
(RBCs) or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen transport.
Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia Ans: Characterized by small, pale
RBCs, commonly due to iron deficiency.
Normocytic, Normochromic Anemia Ans: Normal sized and colored
RBCs, variable reticulocyte count, seen in acute blood loss or chronic
disease.
Macrocytic (Megaloblastic) Anemia Ans: Characterized by large RBCs,
often due to B12 or folate deficiency.
Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) Ans: Most common anemia worldwide,
due to insufficient iron for hemoglobin synthesis.
Clinical Manifestations of IDA Ans: Fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia,
spoon-shaped nails (koilonychia), glossitis, and pica.
Infectious Mononucleosis Ans: A viral infection caused by Epstein-Barr
Virus (EBV), transmitted via saliva.
Clinical Course of Infectious Mononucleosis Ans: Incubation of 4-8
weeks, followed by sore throat, fever, lymphadenopathy, fatigue, and
hepatosplenomegaly.
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Ans: A malignant disorder of lymphoid tissue
characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells.
Reed-Sternberg Cells Ans: Large, multinucleated B cells found in
Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
Painless lymphadenopathy Ans: Swelling of lymph nodes in the neck,
axilla, or groin without pain.
B symptoms Ans: Symptoms including fever, night sweats, and weight
loss.
Fatigue Ans: A state of extreme tiredness or exhaustion.
