WGU - C168 Critical Thinking and
Logic questions with complete
solutions
What are the three dimensions of critical thinking? - correct answer ✔✔1. Analyzing one's
thinking
2. Evaluating one's thinking
3. Improving one's thinking
What are the four characteristics of critical thinking? - correct answer ✔✔1. self-directed
2. self-disciplined
3. self-monitored
4. self-corrective
_____ is the tendency to view everything in relation to oneself. - correct answer
✔✔egocentrism
_____ is the assumption that one's own social group is inherently superior to all others. -
correct answer ✔✔sociocentrism
What are three things a well-cultivated critical thinker does while reasoning? - correct answer
✔✔1. Raises vital questions
2. Gathers and assesses relevant information
3. Reaches well-reasoned conclusions and solutions
4. Thinks open-mindedly
5. Communicates effectively with others
,Americans have always done it that way, and as the greatest country in the world, it's always
worked for us in the past.
How can we trust the engineering work on this building? The structural engineers weren't
educated in the U.S.
These statements are a result of what kind of thinking? - correct answer ✔✔First-order thinking
The assumptions we've relied upon may be flawed. Let's review them again. I'd like to talk this
over with some colleagues. They may have some insights we are missing.
These statements are a result of what kind of thinking? - correct answer ✔✔Second-order
thinking
What are some examples of weak critical thinkers? - correct answer ✔✔1. They ignore the flaws
in their own thinking
2. They seek to win an argument through intellectual trickery or deceit
3. They make no true effort to consider alternative viewpoints
4. They are willing to hide or distort evidence
What are some examples of strong critical thinkers? - correct answer ✔✔1. The consistently
pursue what is intellectually fair and just
2. They strive to be ethical
3. They will entertain arguments with which they do not agree
Intellectual Humility - correct answer ✔✔Characterization
Commitment to discovering the extent of one's own ignorance on any issue
Recognition that one does not—and cannot—know everything
,Consciousness of one's biases and prejudices
Aware of the limitations of one's viewpoint
Recognition that one should claim only what one actually knows
Awareness that egocentrism is often self-deceiving (i.e., convinces the mind that it knows more
than it does)
Its Opposite
Intellectual arrogance
Overestimation of how much one knows
No insight into self-deception or into the limitations of one's viewpoint
Relationship to Fair-Mindedness
Fair-mindedness requires us to first recognize the ignorance and flaws in our own thinking and
to comport ourselves accordingly. It requires self-awareness and a willingness to examine the
limitations of one's own point of view.
Being a fair-minded thinker means habitually applying the standards of reasoning to one's own
thinking in an effort to improve it.
Intellectual Courage - correct answer ✔✔Characterization
Confronting ideas, viewpoints, or beliefs with fairness, even when doing so is painful
Examining fairly beliefs which one has strong negative feelings and toward which one has
previously been dismissive
Challenging popular belief
Leads us to recognize that ideas which society deems dangerous or absurd may hold some truth
or justification
Fortifies us to confront false or distorted ideas embraced by social groups to which we belong
, Its Opposite
Intellectual cowardice
Fear of ideas that do not conform to one's own
Deters serious consideration of ideas, beliefs, or viewpoints perceived as dangerous
Threatened by ideas when they conflict with our self-identity (e.g., conservative or liberal,
believer or nonbeliever, etc.)
Relationship to Fair-Mindedness
Critical thinkers don't link their self-identities to their beliefs. They define themselves according
to how they arrive at their beliefs (i.e., the intellectual process)
Refusing to connect one's identity with one's beliefs fosters greater intellectual courage and fair-
mindedness
Intellectual Empathy - correct answer ✔✔Characterization
Inhabiting the perspectives of others in order to genuinely understand them
Requirements
Ability to reconstruct other people's viewpoints and reasoning
Ability to reason from premises, assumptions, and ideas not one's own
Motivation to concede when one was wrong in the past despite a strong conviction of being
right at the time
Ability to imagine being similarly mistaken in a current situation
Its Opposite
Intellectual self-centeredness
Thinking centered on self
Renders us unable to understand others' thoughts, feelings, and emotions
Won't permit us to consider problems or issues from a vantage point other than our own
Logic questions with complete
solutions
What are the three dimensions of critical thinking? - correct answer ✔✔1. Analyzing one's
thinking
2. Evaluating one's thinking
3. Improving one's thinking
What are the four characteristics of critical thinking? - correct answer ✔✔1. self-directed
2. self-disciplined
3. self-monitored
4. self-corrective
_____ is the tendency to view everything in relation to oneself. - correct answer
✔✔egocentrism
_____ is the assumption that one's own social group is inherently superior to all others. -
correct answer ✔✔sociocentrism
What are three things a well-cultivated critical thinker does while reasoning? - correct answer
✔✔1. Raises vital questions
2. Gathers and assesses relevant information
3. Reaches well-reasoned conclusions and solutions
4. Thinks open-mindedly
5. Communicates effectively with others
,Americans have always done it that way, and as the greatest country in the world, it's always
worked for us in the past.
How can we trust the engineering work on this building? The structural engineers weren't
educated in the U.S.
These statements are a result of what kind of thinking? - correct answer ✔✔First-order thinking
The assumptions we've relied upon may be flawed. Let's review them again. I'd like to talk this
over with some colleagues. They may have some insights we are missing.
These statements are a result of what kind of thinking? - correct answer ✔✔Second-order
thinking
What are some examples of weak critical thinkers? - correct answer ✔✔1. They ignore the flaws
in their own thinking
2. They seek to win an argument through intellectual trickery or deceit
3. They make no true effort to consider alternative viewpoints
4. They are willing to hide or distort evidence
What are some examples of strong critical thinkers? - correct answer ✔✔1. The consistently
pursue what is intellectually fair and just
2. They strive to be ethical
3. They will entertain arguments with which they do not agree
Intellectual Humility - correct answer ✔✔Characterization
Commitment to discovering the extent of one's own ignorance on any issue
Recognition that one does not—and cannot—know everything
,Consciousness of one's biases and prejudices
Aware of the limitations of one's viewpoint
Recognition that one should claim only what one actually knows
Awareness that egocentrism is often self-deceiving (i.e., convinces the mind that it knows more
than it does)
Its Opposite
Intellectual arrogance
Overestimation of how much one knows
No insight into self-deception or into the limitations of one's viewpoint
Relationship to Fair-Mindedness
Fair-mindedness requires us to first recognize the ignorance and flaws in our own thinking and
to comport ourselves accordingly. It requires self-awareness and a willingness to examine the
limitations of one's own point of view.
Being a fair-minded thinker means habitually applying the standards of reasoning to one's own
thinking in an effort to improve it.
Intellectual Courage - correct answer ✔✔Characterization
Confronting ideas, viewpoints, or beliefs with fairness, even when doing so is painful
Examining fairly beliefs which one has strong negative feelings and toward which one has
previously been dismissive
Challenging popular belief
Leads us to recognize that ideas which society deems dangerous or absurd may hold some truth
or justification
Fortifies us to confront false or distorted ideas embraced by social groups to which we belong
, Its Opposite
Intellectual cowardice
Fear of ideas that do not conform to one's own
Deters serious consideration of ideas, beliefs, or viewpoints perceived as dangerous
Threatened by ideas when they conflict with our self-identity (e.g., conservative or liberal,
believer or nonbeliever, etc.)
Relationship to Fair-Mindedness
Critical thinkers don't link their self-identities to their beliefs. They define themselves according
to how they arrive at their beliefs (i.e., the intellectual process)
Refusing to connect one's identity with one's beliefs fosters greater intellectual courage and fair-
mindedness
Intellectual Empathy - correct answer ✔✔Characterization
Inhabiting the perspectives of others in order to genuinely understand them
Requirements
Ability to reconstruct other people's viewpoints and reasoning
Ability to reason from premises, assumptions, and ideas not one's own
Motivation to concede when one was wrong in the past despite a strong conviction of being
right at the time
Ability to imagine being similarly mistaken in a current situation
Its Opposite
Intellectual self-centeredness
Thinking centered on self
Renders us unable to understand others' thoughts, feelings, and emotions
Won't permit us to consider problems or issues from a vantage point other than our own
