ATI Fundamentals 2 Exam 2025/2026
Question 1: A nurse assesses a client experiencing dyspnea. Which observation requires
immediate suctioning?
A. Clear breath sounds
B. Gurgling sounds over trachea
C. Respiratory rate of 20/min
D. Oxygen saturation 96%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gurgling indicates accumulated secretions obstructing the airway, necessitating
suctioning to maintain patency.
Question 2: For a client with a tracheostomy, the nurse prioritizes which action during
suctioning?
A. Suction for 20 seconds
B. Limit suction to 10-15 seconds
C. Use full sterile technique only
D. Apply oxygen before suctioning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Short suction passes prevent hypoxia by minimizing oxygen desaturation.
Question 3: A postoperative client coughs ineffectively. What intervention promotes secretion
clearance?
A. Increase sedation
B. Encourage deep breathing exercises
C. Administer nebulized bronchodilators
D. Position flat in bed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Deep breathing mobilizes secretions for easier expectoration.
Question 4: Which sign indicates effective oral airway placement?
A. Jaw thrust required
B. Client bites the airway
C. Airway extends from teeth to pharynx
D. Gagging persists
, 2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proper sizing and insertion maintain open airway without complications.
Question 5: A client on a ventilator alarms for high pressure. The nurse first checks for:
A. Kinked tubing
B. Low battery
C. Elevated FiO2
D. Room temperature
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kinking obstructs airflow, triggering pressure alarms.
Question 6: To prevent aspiration in a semi-conscious client, the nurse positions the head:
A. Flat supine
B. Side-lying
C. Elevated 30 degrees
D. Prone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Head elevation uses gravity to reduce reflux into the airway.
Question 7: During bag-valve-mask ventilation, the nurse maintains a seal by using:
A. One hand
B. C-E technique
C. Two thumbs
D. Jaw push
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: C-E grip seals the mask while lifting the jaw to open the airway.
Question 8: A client reports stridor post-extubation. The priority intervention is:
A. Reintubate immediately
B. Prepare for emergency airway
C. Administer racemic epinephrine
D. Observe for 30 minutes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stridor signals upper airway edema requiring rapid intervention.
, 3
Question 9: For humidification with oxygen therapy, the nurse ensures:
A. Water level below minimum
B. Temperature at 98.6°F
C. Chamber half-filled
D. No mist visible
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Body temperature humidification prevents mucosal drying.
Question 10: A client with COPD exacerbation needs positioning to maximize ventilation:
A. Supine
B. Tripod position
C. Side-lying
D. High Fowler's
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tripod fixes accessory muscles for better diaphragmatic excursion.
Question 11: The nurse teaches incentive spirometry by instructing deep inhalation to:
A. Raise piston to 500 mL
B. Hold breath 3 seconds
C. Exhale forcefully
D. Repeat 10 times hourly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Breath-holding sustains alveolar expansion.
Question 12: Which precaution applies when changing a tracheostomy dressing?
A. Clean with alcohol
B. Use sterile gloves
C. Reuse old dressing
D. Moisten with tap water
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sterile technique prevents introducing pathogens into the trachea.
Question 13: A client desaturates during suctioning. The nurse immediately:
A. Continues suctioning
B. Stops and oxygenates
Question 1: A nurse assesses a client experiencing dyspnea. Which observation requires
immediate suctioning?
A. Clear breath sounds
B. Gurgling sounds over trachea
C. Respiratory rate of 20/min
D. Oxygen saturation 96%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gurgling indicates accumulated secretions obstructing the airway, necessitating
suctioning to maintain patency.
Question 2: For a client with a tracheostomy, the nurse prioritizes which action during
suctioning?
A. Suction for 20 seconds
B. Limit suction to 10-15 seconds
C. Use full sterile technique only
D. Apply oxygen before suctioning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Short suction passes prevent hypoxia by minimizing oxygen desaturation.
Question 3: A postoperative client coughs ineffectively. What intervention promotes secretion
clearance?
A. Increase sedation
B. Encourage deep breathing exercises
C. Administer nebulized bronchodilators
D. Position flat in bed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Deep breathing mobilizes secretions for easier expectoration.
Question 4: Which sign indicates effective oral airway placement?
A. Jaw thrust required
B. Client bites the airway
C. Airway extends from teeth to pharynx
D. Gagging persists
, 2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proper sizing and insertion maintain open airway without complications.
Question 5: A client on a ventilator alarms for high pressure. The nurse first checks for:
A. Kinked tubing
B. Low battery
C. Elevated FiO2
D. Room temperature
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kinking obstructs airflow, triggering pressure alarms.
Question 6: To prevent aspiration in a semi-conscious client, the nurse positions the head:
A. Flat supine
B. Side-lying
C. Elevated 30 degrees
D. Prone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Head elevation uses gravity to reduce reflux into the airway.
Question 7: During bag-valve-mask ventilation, the nurse maintains a seal by using:
A. One hand
B. C-E technique
C. Two thumbs
D. Jaw push
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: C-E grip seals the mask while lifting the jaw to open the airway.
Question 8: A client reports stridor post-extubation. The priority intervention is:
A. Reintubate immediately
B. Prepare for emergency airway
C. Administer racemic epinephrine
D. Observe for 30 minutes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stridor signals upper airway edema requiring rapid intervention.
, 3
Question 9: For humidification with oxygen therapy, the nurse ensures:
A. Water level below minimum
B. Temperature at 98.6°F
C. Chamber half-filled
D. No mist visible
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Body temperature humidification prevents mucosal drying.
Question 10: A client with COPD exacerbation needs positioning to maximize ventilation:
A. Supine
B. Tripod position
C. Side-lying
D. High Fowler's
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tripod fixes accessory muscles for better diaphragmatic excursion.
Question 11: The nurse teaches incentive spirometry by instructing deep inhalation to:
A. Raise piston to 500 mL
B. Hold breath 3 seconds
C. Exhale forcefully
D. Repeat 10 times hourly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Breath-holding sustains alveolar expansion.
Question 12: Which precaution applies when changing a tracheostomy dressing?
A. Clean with alcohol
B. Use sterile gloves
C. Reuse old dressing
D. Moisten with tap water
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sterile technique prevents introducing pathogens into the trachea.
Question 13: A client desaturates during suctioning. The nurse immediately:
A. Continues suctioning
B. Stops and oxygenates
