NURS 232 Midterm Prep Exam Study Guide COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!2026
Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma.
What are FAST scans?
A rapid ultrasound exam in emergencies.
Computed Tomography.
What is a CT scan? Computerized analysis of multiple x-rays taken at
different layers to create more of a 3D image.
What conditions can CT scans Neoplasms, bleeding, clots, tumors, abscesses and infections.
help detect?
What body areas are Brain, chest, and abdomen.
commonly scanned via CT?
> Check kidney function
What nursing
> Ensure hydration
considerations are needed
> Check for allergies (especially to iodine or contrast dye.
for CT scans with
contrast?
Does MRI expose the Pt to No, MRI involves no exposure to ionizing radiation.
radiation?
, A nuclear imaging study that shows differences in
What type of imaging study is
an MRI? tissues more clearly than some other imaging
modalities.
Which diagnostic tests can use X-ray, CT scan and MRI
contrast to enhance the
images?
> Obesity
> Pt'swho can't remain motionless
What are contraindications for
> Metal object implants
MRI?
> Claustrophobia
What are common reasons > Low values - anemia (blood loss, nutritional deficiency, chronic
for abnormal RBC, Hgb, disease)
> High values - polycythemia (dehydration, hypoxia, polycythemia
Hct values?
vera)
What are signs and symptoms Fatigue, pallor, SOB, dizziness
of anemia?
What are signs and Headache, dizziness, hypertension, risk of thrombosis
symptoms of
polycythemia?
What are common causes of > Leukocytosis - infection, inflammation
WBC abnormalities? >Leukopenia - bone marrow disorders, viral infections,
medications.
Signs and symptoms of Fever, infection, malaise, frequent infections.
WBC abnormalities?
> Thrombocytopenia - bleeding, meds, marrow disorders.
What are common causes of
> Thrombocytosis - inflammation, polycythemia vera.
platelet or coagulation
> Prolonged PT/INR or aPTT - anticoagulants, liver disease,
abnormalities? vitamin K deficiency
Signs and symptoms of Easy bruising, bleeding gums, prolonged bleeding.
coagulation abnormalities?
Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium - dehydration,
What causes electrolyte
imbalances? renal disease, medications, nutritional deficits.
Signs and symptoms of Muscle cramps, weakness, arrhythmias, confusion, seizures
electrolyte imbalances?
Why are blood cultures done? To detect bacteremia or sepsis.
Signs and symptoms of Fever, chills, hypotension, tachycardia
positive blood cultures?
Common causes of abnormal UTI, kidney disease, diabetes, dehydration
urinalysis?
,Signs and symptoms of Dysuria, frequency, urgency, cloudy urine, polyuria, edema
abnormal urinalysis?
Purpose of urine culture and Identify causative organism and guide antibiotics.
sensitivity?
Signs and symptoms of Same as UTI: pain, burning, frequency, fever.
positive urine culture?
Causes of abnormal stool GI bleeding, malabsorption, infection, diarrhea
analysis?
Signs and symptoms of Blood in stool, dark/tarry stool, diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight
abnormal stool analysis? loss
Purpose of stool culture? Identify pathogens (bacteria, parasites) causing infection.
Signs and symptoms of Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, nausea, vomiting.
positive stool culture?
Purpose of sputum culture? Detect repiratory pathogens (bacteria, fungi, TB)
Signs and symptoms of Cough, sputum production (purulent or bloody), fever, chest
positive sputum culture? pain, SOB
What does WBC in a CBC Inflammation or infection; helps differentiate type of infection
indicate? (bacterial vs. viral)
, What clinical sign indicates Edema or decreased urine output
poor kidney function?
What does elevated Bacterial infection and inflammation
neutrophils indicate?
What does elevated Viral Infection
lymphocytes indicate?
What does elevated Severe infection - Become macrophages
monocytes indicate?
What does elevated Parasitic infection and allergic disorder
eosinophils indicate?
What does elevated basophils Some allergic disorders and parasitic infection
indicate?
> CBC with differential - extent of immune
response and is it bacterial (more neutrophils) or
If your Pt has a respiratory viral (more lymphocytes).
infection, which lab values > Sputum culture for C&S (culture and sensitivity),
and medical imaging would to identify the underlying microorganism and
you assess? therefore appropriate antibiotic.
> Possible blood cultures - if suspected systemic infection
(bacteremia or sepsis)
> Medical imaging - chest x-ray to see the extent of
infection/ consolidation in the lungs.
The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, which may
Bacteremia or may not cause symptoms and is often cleared by the
body's immune system. Can lead to sepsis, but doesn't
always progress to it.
A life-threatening complication that occurs when the
Sepsis body's immune system overreacts to an infection,
triggering widespread inflammation that can lead to
organ dysfunction and failure.
If your Pt had 5 days of > Electrolytes - imbalances related to losses.
nausea, vomiting and > Stool cultures - ID of infection/ parasites.
diarrhea, which lab values > CBC - Hct for hydration status.
would you assess? Why?
If your Pt had a post surgical > Hgb, Hct, and RBC count - how much blood loss.
bleed from his abdominal > Platelets, INR, PTT - any coagulation abnormalities.
incision, which lab values
would you assess? Why?
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!2026
Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma.
What are FAST scans?
A rapid ultrasound exam in emergencies.
Computed Tomography.
What is a CT scan? Computerized analysis of multiple x-rays taken at
different layers to create more of a 3D image.
What conditions can CT scans Neoplasms, bleeding, clots, tumors, abscesses and infections.
help detect?
What body areas are Brain, chest, and abdomen.
commonly scanned via CT?
> Check kidney function
What nursing
> Ensure hydration
considerations are needed
> Check for allergies (especially to iodine or contrast dye.
for CT scans with
contrast?
Does MRI expose the Pt to No, MRI involves no exposure to ionizing radiation.
radiation?
, A nuclear imaging study that shows differences in
What type of imaging study is
an MRI? tissues more clearly than some other imaging
modalities.
Which diagnostic tests can use X-ray, CT scan and MRI
contrast to enhance the
images?
> Obesity
> Pt'swho can't remain motionless
What are contraindications for
> Metal object implants
MRI?
> Claustrophobia
What are common reasons > Low values - anemia (blood loss, nutritional deficiency, chronic
for abnormal RBC, Hgb, disease)
> High values - polycythemia (dehydration, hypoxia, polycythemia
Hct values?
vera)
What are signs and symptoms Fatigue, pallor, SOB, dizziness
of anemia?
What are signs and Headache, dizziness, hypertension, risk of thrombosis
symptoms of
polycythemia?
What are common causes of > Leukocytosis - infection, inflammation
WBC abnormalities? >Leukopenia - bone marrow disorders, viral infections,
medications.
Signs and symptoms of Fever, infection, malaise, frequent infections.
WBC abnormalities?
> Thrombocytopenia - bleeding, meds, marrow disorders.
What are common causes of
> Thrombocytosis - inflammation, polycythemia vera.
platelet or coagulation
> Prolonged PT/INR or aPTT - anticoagulants, liver disease,
abnormalities? vitamin K deficiency
Signs and symptoms of Easy bruising, bleeding gums, prolonged bleeding.
coagulation abnormalities?
Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium - dehydration,
What causes electrolyte
imbalances? renal disease, medications, nutritional deficits.
Signs and symptoms of Muscle cramps, weakness, arrhythmias, confusion, seizures
electrolyte imbalances?
Why are blood cultures done? To detect bacteremia or sepsis.
Signs and symptoms of Fever, chills, hypotension, tachycardia
positive blood cultures?
Common causes of abnormal UTI, kidney disease, diabetes, dehydration
urinalysis?
,Signs and symptoms of Dysuria, frequency, urgency, cloudy urine, polyuria, edema
abnormal urinalysis?
Purpose of urine culture and Identify causative organism and guide antibiotics.
sensitivity?
Signs and symptoms of Same as UTI: pain, burning, frequency, fever.
positive urine culture?
Causes of abnormal stool GI bleeding, malabsorption, infection, diarrhea
analysis?
Signs and symptoms of Blood in stool, dark/tarry stool, diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight
abnormal stool analysis? loss
Purpose of stool culture? Identify pathogens (bacteria, parasites) causing infection.
Signs and symptoms of Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, nausea, vomiting.
positive stool culture?
Purpose of sputum culture? Detect repiratory pathogens (bacteria, fungi, TB)
Signs and symptoms of Cough, sputum production (purulent or bloody), fever, chest
positive sputum culture? pain, SOB
What does WBC in a CBC Inflammation or infection; helps differentiate type of infection
indicate? (bacterial vs. viral)
, What clinical sign indicates Edema or decreased urine output
poor kidney function?
What does elevated Bacterial infection and inflammation
neutrophils indicate?
What does elevated Viral Infection
lymphocytes indicate?
What does elevated Severe infection - Become macrophages
monocytes indicate?
What does elevated Parasitic infection and allergic disorder
eosinophils indicate?
What does elevated basophils Some allergic disorders and parasitic infection
indicate?
> CBC with differential - extent of immune
response and is it bacterial (more neutrophils) or
If your Pt has a respiratory viral (more lymphocytes).
infection, which lab values > Sputum culture for C&S (culture and sensitivity),
and medical imaging would to identify the underlying microorganism and
you assess? therefore appropriate antibiotic.
> Possible blood cultures - if suspected systemic infection
(bacteremia or sepsis)
> Medical imaging - chest x-ray to see the extent of
infection/ consolidation in the lungs.
The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, which may
Bacteremia or may not cause symptoms and is often cleared by the
body's immune system. Can lead to sepsis, but doesn't
always progress to it.
A life-threatening complication that occurs when the
Sepsis body's immune system overreacts to an infection,
triggering widespread inflammation that can lead to
organ dysfunction and failure.
If your Pt had 5 days of > Electrolytes - imbalances related to losses.
nausea, vomiting and > Stool cultures - ID of infection/ parasites.
diarrhea, which lab values > CBC - Hct for hydration status.
would you assess? Why?
If your Pt had a post surgical > Hgb, Hct, and RBC count - how much blood loss.
bleed from his abdominal > Platelets, INR, PTT - any coagulation abnormalities.
incision, which lab values
would you assess? Why?
