Exam 3 NURS 3303 PATHO Review Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+
What is the difference in pathophysiology of acute angina pectoris vs acute myocardial
infarction (MI) - Answers angina is chest pain due to the heart muscle not getting as much
blood as needed
MI is a heart attack due to heart muscle not getting enough oxygen
What is the difference in symptoms of acute angina pectoris vs acute myocardial infarction (MI)
- Answers Angina nausea, dyspnea, abdominal pain, stabbing pain instead of chest pressure.
MI tightness or pain the the chest, neck, back of arms, fatigue, dyspnea, anxiety
Why is the phrase "time is muscle" relevant when discussing myocardial infarction - Answers
the longer the time, the greater the ischemia and necrosis of the myocardium.
Individuals who develop DVT or thrombi are predisposed by what factors - Answers Cancer,
surgery, immobility
what is the risk of developing DVT or thrombi - Answers Forming a clot that causes a pulmonary
embolism
what is the impact of thrombi in the heart - Answers Heart Attack
what is the impact of thrombi in the brain - Answers Stroke
what is the impact of thrombi in the lungs - Answers Pulmonary Infraction
what is the impact of thrombi in the renal arteries - Answers Kidney Failure
describe the impact of atherosclerosis on major arteries - Answers Build up of fat (plaque) on
arteries, blocking blood flow, causing clot
what is an aneurysm - Answers A ballooning and weakened area in an artery
what is the risk of aneurysm formation - Answers A ruptured aneurysm can result in internal
bleeding, stroke, and can sometimes be fatal.
what is the risk of plaque formation in a major vessel - Answers Heart attack
what is the risk of plaque formation in a coronary artery - Answers Blood Clot
what is blood pressure - Answers The pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood
vessels
, define hypertension - Answers high blood pressure
what is the effect of RAAS on blood pressure - Answers RAAS regulates sodium and water
absorption in the kidney thus directly having an impact on systemic blood pressure
what causes hypertension - Answers Bad diet, kidney and hormone problems, diabetes, high
cholesterol, or family history
what are the long term effects of sustained hypertension - Answers if untreated heart attack
which organs are affected the most by long term sustained hypertension - Answers The heart,
kidney, brain, and arterial blood vessels
what is the effect of low cardiac output on blood pressure - Answers Low blood pressure
what factors affect blood flow - Answers blood pressure, blood volume, resistance, disease and
exercise.
define cardiac output - Answers the product of heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV)
define stroke volume - Answers the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart
during each systolic cardiac contraction.
define PVR (pulse volume recording) - Answers a test in which blood pressure cuffs and a hand-
held ultrasound device are used to obtain information about arterial blood flow in the arms and
legs.
cardiac rhythm is affected by which electrolytes - Answers Magnesium, Potassium, Calcium,
Sodium
why is cardiac rhythm affected by these electrolytes - Answers they trigger and conduct the
electrical impulses in your heart.
what are the most lethal arrhythmias - Answers Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular
fibrillation (VF)
what is the effect of lethal arrhythmias on the heart - Answers the heart is unable to pump blood
and death will occur within minutes, if left untreated
what is the effect of lethal arrhythmias on cardiac output (CO) - Answers CO is reduced
an EKG is documenting which components of the cardiac cycle - Answers the P wave, the QRS
complex, and the T wave
describe right side heart failure pathophysiology - Answers the right chamber has lost its ability
to pump. That means your heart can't fill with enough blood, and the blood backs up into the
veins.
What is the difference in pathophysiology of acute angina pectoris vs acute myocardial
infarction (MI) - Answers angina is chest pain due to the heart muscle not getting as much
blood as needed
MI is a heart attack due to heart muscle not getting enough oxygen
What is the difference in symptoms of acute angina pectoris vs acute myocardial infarction (MI)
- Answers Angina nausea, dyspnea, abdominal pain, stabbing pain instead of chest pressure.
MI tightness or pain the the chest, neck, back of arms, fatigue, dyspnea, anxiety
Why is the phrase "time is muscle" relevant when discussing myocardial infarction - Answers
the longer the time, the greater the ischemia and necrosis of the myocardium.
Individuals who develop DVT or thrombi are predisposed by what factors - Answers Cancer,
surgery, immobility
what is the risk of developing DVT or thrombi - Answers Forming a clot that causes a pulmonary
embolism
what is the impact of thrombi in the heart - Answers Heart Attack
what is the impact of thrombi in the brain - Answers Stroke
what is the impact of thrombi in the lungs - Answers Pulmonary Infraction
what is the impact of thrombi in the renal arteries - Answers Kidney Failure
describe the impact of atherosclerosis on major arteries - Answers Build up of fat (plaque) on
arteries, blocking blood flow, causing clot
what is an aneurysm - Answers A ballooning and weakened area in an artery
what is the risk of aneurysm formation - Answers A ruptured aneurysm can result in internal
bleeding, stroke, and can sometimes be fatal.
what is the risk of plaque formation in a major vessel - Answers Heart attack
what is the risk of plaque formation in a coronary artery - Answers Blood Clot
what is blood pressure - Answers The pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood
vessels
, define hypertension - Answers high blood pressure
what is the effect of RAAS on blood pressure - Answers RAAS regulates sodium and water
absorption in the kidney thus directly having an impact on systemic blood pressure
what causes hypertension - Answers Bad diet, kidney and hormone problems, diabetes, high
cholesterol, or family history
what are the long term effects of sustained hypertension - Answers if untreated heart attack
which organs are affected the most by long term sustained hypertension - Answers The heart,
kidney, brain, and arterial blood vessels
what is the effect of low cardiac output on blood pressure - Answers Low blood pressure
what factors affect blood flow - Answers blood pressure, blood volume, resistance, disease and
exercise.
define cardiac output - Answers the product of heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV)
define stroke volume - Answers the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart
during each systolic cardiac contraction.
define PVR (pulse volume recording) - Answers a test in which blood pressure cuffs and a hand-
held ultrasound device are used to obtain information about arterial blood flow in the arms and
legs.
cardiac rhythm is affected by which electrolytes - Answers Magnesium, Potassium, Calcium,
Sodium
why is cardiac rhythm affected by these electrolytes - Answers they trigger and conduct the
electrical impulses in your heart.
what are the most lethal arrhythmias - Answers Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular
fibrillation (VF)
what is the effect of lethal arrhythmias on the heart - Answers the heart is unable to pump blood
and death will occur within minutes, if left untreated
what is the effect of lethal arrhythmias on cardiac output (CO) - Answers CO is reduced
an EKG is documenting which components of the cardiac cycle - Answers the P wave, the QRS
complex, and the T wave
describe right side heart failure pathophysiology - Answers the right chamber has lost its ability
to pump. That means your heart can't fill with enough blood, and the blood backs up into the
veins.
