Solution Manual for Statistics for Nursing
Research: A Workbook for
Evidence-Based Practice 4th Edition by
Susan K. Grove, All Chapters Updated
2025 || TEST BANK
Questions 1–50 – Chapter 1 & 2: Introduction to Nursing Research &
Evidence-Based Practice
Q1: What is the primary purpose of nursing research?
a) To generate knowledge for nursing practice
b) To provide entertainment for nurses
c) To replace clinical judgment entirely
d) To collect patient fees
Answer: a) To generate knowledge for nursing practice
Rationale: Nursing research systematically investigates questions to improve patient care and
nursing outcomes.
Q2: Which of the following best describes evidence-based practice (EBP)?
a) Integrating clinical expertise, patient preferences, and research evidence
b) Following only textbooks
c) Using intuition instead of research
d) Ignoring patient preferences
Answer: a) Integrating clinical expertise, patient preferences, and research evidence
Rationale: EBP ensures safe, effective, and patient-centered care.
Q3: A nurse formulates a PICOT question. What does the “P” represent?
a) Population or patient problem
b) Prognosis
c) Practice setting
d) Procedure
,Answer: a) Population or patient problem
Rationale: PICOT framework helps structure research questions: P = Population, I =
Intervention, C = Comparison, O = Outcome, T = Time.
Q4: A descriptive study:
a) Summarizes characteristics or phenomena without examining relationships
b) Examines cause-and-effect relationships
c) Manipulates variables experimentally
d) Requires randomization
Answer: a) Summarizes characteristics or phenomena without examining relationships
Rationale: Descriptive studies describe “what is” rather than “why it occurs.”
Q5: A study measures blood pressure before and after a nursing intervention. This is an
example of:
a) Quasi-experimental research
b) Descriptive research
c) Qualitative research
d) Case study
Answer: a) Quasi-experimental research
Rationale: Quasi-experimental designs examine cause-and-effect but lack full randomization.
Q6: Which source provides the highest level of evidence?
a) Systematic review or meta-analysis
b) Expert opinion
c) Case report
d) Single descriptive study
Answer: a) Systematic review or meta-analysis
Rationale: Systematic reviews summarize findings from multiple studies for strong evidence.
Q7: In research, a variable is defined as:
a) A characteristic or attribute that can vary
b) A fixed number
c) A research journal
d) A constant hypothesis
Answer: a) A characteristic or attribute that can vary
Rationale: Variables can be manipulated or measured to assess relationships.
Q8: Which of the following is a dependent variable?
a) Patient anxiety level after guided imagery
b) Intervention type
c) Study design
d) Sampling method
, Answer: a) Patient anxiety level after guided imagery
Rationale: Dependent variables are outcomes influenced by independent variables
(interventions).
Q9: Randomization in research:
a) Reduces bias and increases validity
b) Guarantees perfect results
c) Is unnecessary in clinical trials
d) Ensures blinding only
Answer: a) Reduces bias and increases validity
Rationale: Random assignment helps control confounding variables.
Q10: A nurse researcher conducts interviews about patient experiences with pain. This is an
example of:
a) Qualitative research
b) Quantitative research
c) Randomized controlled trial
d) Meta-analysis
Answer: a) Qualitative research
Rationale: Qualitative research explores subjective experiences using non-numerical data.
Q11: Which of the following best describes probability sampling?
a) Every subject has a known chance of selection
b) Participants are selected by convenience
c) Only volunteers are included
d) Selection is based on researcher preference
Answer: a) Every subject has a known chance of selection
Rationale: Probability sampling reduces bias and allows generalization.
Q12: A nurse wants to know the effectiveness of a new pain protocol compared to standard
care. The comparison group is called:
a) Control group
b) Experimental group
c) Convenience sample
d) Case series
Answer: a) Control group
Rationale: The control group receives standard care for comparison.
Q13: In research, reliability refers to:
a) Consistency of measurement
Research: A Workbook for
Evidence-Based Practice 4th Edition by
Susan K. Grove, All Chapters Updated
2025 || TEST BANK
Questions 1–50 – Chapter 1 & 2: Introduction to Nursing Research &
Evidence-Based Practice
Q1: What is the primary purpose of nursing research?
a) To generate knowledge for nursing practice
b) To provide entertainment for nurses
c) To replace clinical judgment entirely
d) To collect patient fees
Answer: a) To generate knowledge for nursing practice
Rationale: Nursing research systematically investigates questions to improve patient care and
nursing outcomes.
Q2: Which of the following best describes evidence-based practice (EBP)?
a) Integrating clinical expertise, patient preferences, and research evidence
b) Following only textbooks
c) Using intuition instead of research
d) Ignoring patient preferences
Answer: a) Integrating clinical expertise, patient preferences, and research evidence
Rationale: EBP ensures safe, effective, and patient-centered care.
Q3: A nurse formulates a PICOT question. What does the “P” represent?
a) Population or patient problem
b) Prognosis
c) Practice setting
d) Procedure
,Answer: a) Population or patient problem
Rationale: PICOT framework helps structure research questions: P = Population, I =
Intervention, C = Comparison, O = Outcome, T = Time.
Q4: A descriptive study:
a) Summarizes characteristics or phenomena without examining relationships
b) Examines cause-and-effect relationships
c) Manipulates variables experimentally
d) Requires randomization
Answer: a) Summarizes characteristics or phenomena without examining relationships
Rationale: Descriptive studies describe “what is” rather than “why it occurs.”
Q5: A study measures blood pressure before and after a nursing intervention. This is an
example of:
a) Quasi-experimental research
b) Descriptive research
c) Qualitative research
d) Case study
Answer: a) Quasi-experimental research
Rationale: Quasi-experimental designs examine cause-and-effect but lack full randomization.
Q6: Which source provides the highest level of evidence?
a) Systematic review or meta-analysis
b) Expert opinion
c) Case report
d) Single descriptive study
Answer: a) Systematic review or meta-analysis
Rationale: Systematic reviews summarize findings from multiple studies for strong evidence.
Q7: In research, a variable is defined as:
a) A characteristic or attribute that can vary
b) A fixed number
c) A research journal
d) A constant hypothesis
Answer: a) A characteristic or attribute that can vary
Rationale: Variables can be manipulated or measured to assess relationships.
Q8: Which of the following is a dependent variable?
a) Patient anxiety level after guided imagery
b) Intervention type
c) Study design
d) Sampling method
, Answer: a) Patient anxiety level after guided imagery
Rationale: Dependent variables are outcomes influenced by independent variables
(interventions).
Q9: Randomization in research:
a) Reduces bias and increases validity
b) Guarantees perfect results
c) Is unnecessary in clinical trials
d) Ensures blinding only
Answer: a) Reduces bias and increases validity
Rationale: Random assignment helps control confounding variables.
Q10: A nurse researcher conducts interviews about patient experiences with pain. This is an
example of:
a) Qualitative research
b) Quantitative research
c) Randomized controlled trial
d) Meta-analysis
Answer: a) Qualitative research
Rationale: Qualitative research explores subjective experiences using non-numerical data.
Q11: Which of the following best describes probability sampling?
a) Every subject has a known chance of selection
b) Participants are selected by convenience
c) Only volunteers are included
d) Selection is based on researcher preference
Answer: a) Every subject has a known chance of selection
Rationale: Probability sampling reduces bias and allows generalization.
Q12: A nurse wants to know the effectiveness of a new pain protocol compared to standard
care. The comparison group is called:
a) Control group
b) Experimental group
c) Convenience sample
d) Case series
Answer: a) Control group
Rationale: The control group receives standard care for comparison.
Q13: In research, reliability refers to:
a) Consistency of measurement
