NUR 1141 Final Exam Study Guide|
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Innate Immunity - Answer✅✅The body's first line of defense that provides
immediate protection against all invaders.
Characteristics of Innate Immunity - Answer✅✅Present at birth, non-specific (does
not target specific pathogens), responds quickly, no memory (response does not
improve with repeated exposure).
Components of Innate Immunity - Answer✅✅Physical barriers: Skin, mucous
membranes; Chemical barriers: Stomach acid, enzymes in saliva; Cells: Phagocytes
(e.g., neutrophils, macrophages), natural killer (NK) cells; Processes: Inflammation,
fever.
Example of Innate Immunity - Answer✅✅Skin blocking bacteria from entering;
Macrophages engulfing pathogens.
Adaptive Immunity - Answer✅✅Immunity that develops after exposure to specific
antigens; provides long-term protection.
, Characteristics of Adaptive Immunity - Answer✅✅Develops after birth, specific to a
particular pathogen, slower initial response, has memory (faster, stronger response
on future exposures).
Subtypes of Adaptive Immunity - Answer✅✅Humoral Immunity: Involves B cells
producing antibodies; Cell-Mediated Immunity: Involves T cells targeting infected or
abnormal cells.
Example of Adaptive Immunity - Answer✅✅Getting vaccinated and developing
immunity to measles; T cells killing virus-infected cells.
Key Differences between Innate and Adaptive Immunity - Answer✅✅Specificity:
Non-specific vs. Highly specific; Response time: Immediate vs. Delayed (days to
develop); Memory: No vs. Yes; Cells involved: Phagocytes, NK cells vs. B cells, T cells;
Improves over time: No vs. Yes.
Types of Vaccines - Answer✅✅Live Attenuated, Inactivated, Subunit, Recombinant,
or Conjugate, Toxoid, mRNA, Viral Vector.
Live Attenuated Vaccine - Answer✅✅Contains a weakened version of the living
virus or bacteria (e.g., MMR, Varicella, Rotavirus, Yellow Fever).
Inactivated Vaccine - Answer✅✅Contains killed pathogens (e.g., Polio (IPV),
Hepatitis A).
Subunit, Recombinant, or Conjugate Vaccine - Answer✅✅Contains specific pieces
of the pathogen (protein, sugar, or capsid) (e.g., HPV, Hepatitis B, Pertussis).
Toxoid Vaccine - Answer✅✅Contains inactivated toxins made by the pathogen (e.g.,
Tetanus, Diphtheria).
mRNA Vaccine - Answer✅✅Teaches cells to make a protein to trigger an immune
response (e.g., Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna (COVID-19)).
Viral Vector Vaccine - Answer✅✅Uses a modified virus to deliver genetic material
(e.g., Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine).
Contraindications to Vaccination - Answer✅✅Severe allergic reaction (e.g.,
anaphylaxis) to a previous dose or vaccine component; Severe immunodeficiency
(for live vaccines); Pregnancy (for some live vaccines like MMR or varicella);
Moderate or severe acute illness with or without fever; History of Guillain-Barré
Syndrome (relative contraindication for certain vaccines like influenza).
Nursing Implications for Vaccination Before Administration - Answer✅✅Assess for
allergies (e.g., eggs, gelatin, neomycin); Check for contraindications (e.g., pregnancy,
immunosuppression); Review vaccination history; Educate client about vaccine
purpose, benefits, and potential side effects.
Brand New Exam Questions with
100% Correct Clear Verified
Answers|All Graded A+|Latest
Premium Update|100%
Guaranteed Success.
Innate Immunity - Answer✅✅The body's first line of defense that provides
immediate protection against all invaders.
Characteristics of Innate Immunity - Answer✅✅Present at birth, non-specific (does
not target specific pathogens), responds quickly, no memory (response does not
improve with repeated exposure).
Components of Innate Immunity - Answer✅✅Physical barriers: Skin, mucous
membranes; Chemical barriers: Stomach acid, enzymes in saliva; Cells: Phagocytes
(e.g., neutrophils, macrophages), natural killer (NK) cells; Processes: Inflammation,
fever.
Example of Innate Immunity - Answer✅✅Skin blocking bacteria from entering;
Macrophages engulfing pathogens.
Adaptive Immunity - Answer✅✅Immunity that develops after exposure to specific
antigens; provides long-term protection.
, Characteristics of Adaptive Immunity - Answer✅✅Develops after birth, specific to a
particular pathogen, slower initial response, has memory (faster, stronger response
on future exposures).
Subtypes of Adaptive Immunity - Answer✅✅Humoral Immunity: Involves B cells
producing antibodies; Cell-Mediated Immunity: Involves T cells targeting infected or
abnormal cells.
Example of Adaptive Immunity - Answer✅✅Getting vaccinated and developing
immunity to measles; T cells killing virus-infected cells.
Key Differences between Innate and Adaptive Immunity - Answer✅✅Specificity:
Non-specific vs. Highly specific; Response time: Immediate vs. Delayed (days to
develop); Memory: No vs. Yes; Cells involved: Phagocytes, NK cells vs. B cells, T cells;
Improves over time: No vs. Yes.
Types of Vaccines - Answer✅✅Live Attenuated, Inactivated, Subunit, Recombinant,
or Conjugate, Toxoid, mRNA, Viral Vector.
Live Attenuated Vaccine - Answer✅✅Contains a weakened version of the living
virus or bacteria (e.g., MMR, Varicella, Rotavirus, Yellow Fever).
Inactivated Vaccine - Answer✅✅Contains killed pathogens (e.g., Polio (IPV),
Hepatitis A).
Subunit, Recombinant, or Conjugate Vaccine - Answer✅✅Contains specific pieces
of the pathogen (protein, sugar, or capsid) (e.g., HPV, Hepatitis B, Pertussis).
Toxoid Vaccine - Answer✅✅Contains inactivated toxins made by the pathogen (e.g.,
Tetanus, Diphtheria).
mRNA Vaccine - Answer✅✅Teaches cells to make a protein to trigger an immune
response (e.g., Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna (COVID-19)).
Viral Vector Vaccine - Answer✅✅Uses a modified virus to deliver genetic material
(e.g., Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine).
Contraindications to Vaccination - Answer✅✅Severe allergic reaction (e.g.,
anaphylaxis) to a previous dose or vaccine component; Severe immunodeficiency
(for live vaccines); Pregnancy (for some live vaccines like MMR or varicella);
Moderate or severe acute illness with or without fever; History of Guillain-Barré
Syndrome (relative contraindication for certain vaccines like influenza).
Nursing Implications for Vaccination Before Administration - Answer✅✅Assess for
allergies (e.g., eggs, gelatin, neomycin); Check for contraindications (e.g., pregnancy,
immunosuppression); Review vaccination history; Educate client about vaccine
purpose, benefits, and potential side effects.
