Excess body fat and disease risk
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Cardiovascular Disease:
•As we learned in Chapter 5, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of
death of Americans in the United States.
•Cardiovascular disease increases the amount of work completed by the
heart, increases risk of developing high blood pressure, and increases
triglycerides and cholesterol.
•On this slide is the link to the "Weight of the Nation Documentary"
addressing Weight and Cardiovascular Disease. The clip is approximately 22
minutes long.
•Medical providers are featured and interviewed in this clip discussing the
relationship between weight and cardiovascular disease.
Diabetes:
•Having excess weight increases Type 2 diabetes risk. With excess weight,
there is increased production of insulin in the pancreas to maintain blood
glucose. This is known as insulin resistance.
•Insulin resistance increases type 2 diabetes risk.
•Diabetes further increases risk for heart disease and stroke.
, •A link is provided to the "Weight of a Nation Documentary" on Weight and
Diabetes.
Calculating body mass index
Give this one a try later!
On this slide you will be calculating the BMI for the Boston Celtics guard
and former UConn Basketball player, Kemba Walker.
The steps are provided for:
1). Converting his weight from pounds to kilograms.
2). Converting his height from feet to meters.
Note:The red lines indicate the units cancel out after completing the
conversion
Energy Out: Physical Activity (cont.)
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, Non-exercise Activity Thermogenesis
This slide provides the breakdown of the energy expenditure categories:
1). Thermic Effect of Food - This is the energy that is needed for the
digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients. Information will be
presented on the next slide.
2). Basal Metabolism - Energy expended for the resting body
3). Activity - Represents the NEAT concept presented on the prior slide.
Focusing specifically on activity represented by the teal portion of the pie
chart, we can see that a sedentary person has a lower NEAT compared to a
physically active person, and very active person (ie. Collegiate or
professional athlete).
Protein supplementation - drawbacks
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Some of the drawbacks to protein supplementation are the potential for
weight gain as it contributes high quantities of kilocalories to the diet.
Another drawback of protein supplementation are the amino acids
competing for the same transport system in the small intestine. This may
contribute to deficiency of other amino acids.
On the diagram located on the right hand side of the slide, the blue and
green amino acids are competing with each other for the same protein
transporter. Since there are more blue amino acids, it will be absorbed in
higher quantities in the small intestine.
Protein Structure
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, ■Peptide bonds hold amino acids together.
■Multiple amino acids joined together by a peptide bond form
polypeptide chains.
Assessing body composition: skinfold thickness
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■Skinfold Thickness
-Measurement of subcutaneous fat (located under the skin), used to
estimate total body fat.
-Areas of measurement:
■Triceps (back of the upper arm)
■Subscapular Area (below the shoulder blade)
-Equation used to estimate total body fat.
-Noninvasive, accurate measurements for those with normal weight.
Products of Deamination (cont.)
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1) the amino group is removed by deamination, allowing the carbon
compounds that remain to be further metabolized
2) deamination of some glucogenic amino acids produces 3-carbon
molecules that can be used to synthesize glucose
3) Deamination of ketogenic amino acids results in molecules that form
acetyl-CoA. When energy is consumes in excess of needs, this can be used
to synthesize fatty acids.
4) deamination of some glucogenic amino acids forms intermediates in the
citric acid cycle that can be used to synthesize glucose
5) high-energy electrons from the breakdown of amino acids are
transferred to the electron transport chain where the energy is used to
convert ADP to ATP.
6) The amino group released by deamination produces ammonia, which is
Give this one a try later!
Cardiovascular Disease:
•As we learned in Chapter 5, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of
death of Americans in the United States.
•Cardiovascular disease increases the amount of work completed by the
heart, increases risk of developing high blood pressure, and increases
triglycerides and cholesterol.
•On this slide is the link to the "Weight of the Nation Documentary"
addressing Weight and Cardiovascular Disease. The clip is approximately 22
minutes long.
•Medical providers are featured and interviewed in this clip discussing the
relationship between weight and cardiovascular disease.
Diabetes:
•Having excess weight increases Type 2 diabetes risk. With excess weight,
there is increased production of insulin in the pancreas to maintain blood
glucose. This is known as insulin resistance.
•Insulin resistance increases type 2 diabetes risk.
•Diabetes further increases risk for heart disease and stroke.
, •A link is provided to the "Weight of a Nation Documentary" on Weight and
Diabetes.
Calculating body mass index
Give this one a try later!
On this slide you will be calculating the BMI for the Boston Celtics guard
and former UConn Basketball player, Kemba Walker.
The steps are provided for:
1). Converting his weight from pounds to kilograms.
2). Converting his height from feet to meters.
Note:The red lines indicate the units cancel out after completing the
conversion
Energy Out: Physical Activity (cont.)
Give this one a try later!
, Non-exercise Activity Thermogenesis
This slide provides the breakdown of the energy expenditure categories:
1). Thermic Effect of Food - This is the energy that is needed for the
digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients. Information will be
presented on the next slide.
2). Basal Metabolism - Energy expended for the resting body
3). Activity - Represents the NEAT concept presented on the prior slide.
Focusing specifically on activity represented by the teal portion of the pie
chart, we can see that a sedentary person has a lower NEAT compared to a
physically active person, and very active person (ie. Collegiate or
professional athlete).
Protein supplementation - drawbacks
Give this one a try later!
Some of the drawbacks to protein supplementation are the potential for
weight gain as it contributes high quantities of kilocalories to the diet.
Another drawback of protein supplementation are the amino acids
competing for the same transport system in the small intestine. This may
contribute to deficiency of other amino acids.
On the diagram located on the right hand side of the slide, the blue and
green amino acids are competing with each other for the same protein
transporter. Since there are more blue amino acids, it will be absorbed in
higher quantities in the small intestine.
Protein Structure
Give this one a try later!
, ■Peptide bonds hold amino acids together.
■Multiple amino acids joined together by a peptide bond form
polypeptide chains.
Assessing body composition: skinfold thickness
Give this one a try later!
■Skinfold Thickness
-Measurement of subcutaneous fat (located under the skin), used to
estimate total body fat.
-Areas of measurement:
■Triceps (back of the upper arm)
■Subscapular Area (below the shoulder blade)
-Equation used to estimate total body fat.
-Noninvasive, accurate measurements for those with normal weight.
Products of Deamination (cont.)
Give this one a try later!
1) the amino group is removed by deamination, allowing the carbon
compounds that remain to be further metabolized
2) deamination of some glucogenic amino acids produces 3-carbon
molecules that can be used to synthesize glucose
3) Deamination of ketogenic amino acids results in molecules that form
acetyl-CoA. When energy is consumes in excess of needs, this can be used
to synthesize fatty acids.
4) deamination of some glucogenic amino acids forms intermediates in the
citric acid cycle that can be used to synthesize glucose
5) high-energy electrons from the breakdown of amino acids are
transferred to the electron transport chain where the energy is used to
convert ADP to ATP.
6) The amino group released by deamination produces ammonia, which is
