BIOL 3090 Dimario test 2 with Correct Answers
genetic constitution of an Genotype
individual:
function and physical Phenotype
appearance due to
genotype:
a single set of Haploid
chromosomes (i.e.
maternal)
two sets of chromosomes diploid
(maternal and paternal)
different forms of a given alleles
gene (WT vs mutant):
a diploid organism that Homozygous
has two identical alleles of
the same gene:
a diploid organism that Heterozygous
has two different alleles of
the same gene:
Both copies of a gene recessive
must be mutant to see a
phenotype: Must be
homozygous for the
mutant recessive allele to
show a phenoty pe.
, Mutant phenotype is dominant
observed when an
individual contains a WT
allele and a mutant allele:
associated with recessive loss-of-function
mutant alleles (e.g. tumor
suppressor genes):
(normal brakes on cell
cycle) analogy: loss of
front and back brakes on
your car
associated with dominant gain-of-function
mutant alleles (e.g.
oncogenes = cancer
causing genes: accelerate
cell cycle) analogy: gas
peddle stuck wide open):
loss of one WT gene Haplo-insufficient
shows an adverse effect.
Remaining WT gene is not
enough product:
Mutant gene product dominant-negative
(protein) adversely affects
remaining WT gene
product:
________ is the exchange synapsis
of DNA between
homologous
chromosomes. "Crossing
over"
genetic constitution of an Genotype
individual:
function and physical Phenotype
appearance due to
genotype:
a single set of Haploid
chromosomes (i.e.
maternal)
two sets of chromosomes diploid
(maternal and paternal)
different forms of a given alleles
gene (WT vs mutant):
a diploid organism that Homozygous
has two identical alleles of
the same gene:
a diploid organism that Heterozygous
has two different alleles of
the same gene:
Both copies of a gene recessive
must be mutant to see a
phenotype: Must be
homozygous for the
mutant recessive allele to
show a phenoty pe.
, Mutant phenotype is dominant
observed when an
individual contains a WT
allele and a mutant allele:
associated with recessive loss-of-function
mutant alleles (e.g. tumor
suppressor genes):
(normal brakes on cell
cycle) analogy: loss of
front and back brakes on
your car
associated with dominant gain-of-function
mutant alleles (e.g.
oncogenes = cancer
causing genes: accelerate
cell cycle) analogy: gas
peddle stuck wide open):
loss of one WT gene Haplo-insufficient
shows an adverse effect.
Remaining WT gene is not
enough product:
Mutant gene product dominant-negative
(protein) adversely affects
remaining WT gene
product:
________ is the exchange synapsis
of DNA between
homologous
chromosomes. "Crossing
over"
